NewRemoteLibrary added

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/NewRemoteReceiver.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+/*
+ * NewRemoteSwitch library v1.2.0 (20140128) made by Randy Simons http://randysimons.nl/
+ * See NewRemoteReceiver.h for details.
+ *
+ * License: GPLv3. See license.txt
+ */
+
+#include "NewRemoteReceiver.h"
+
+#define RESET_STATE _state = -1 // Resets state to initial position.
+
+/************
+* NewRemoteReceiver
+
+Protocol. (Copied from Wieltje, http://www.circuitsonline.net/forum/view/message/1181410#1181410,
+but with slightly different timings, as measured on my device.)
+		_   _
+'0':   | |_| |_____ (T,T,T,5T)
+		_       _
+'1':   | |_____| |_	(T,5T,T,T)
+		_   _
+dim:   | |_| |_     (T,T,T,T)
+
+T = short period of ~260µs. However, this code tries
+to figure out the correct period
+
+A full frame looks like this:
+
+- start pulse: 1T high, 10.44T low
+- 26 bit:  Address
+- 1  bit:  group bit
+- 1  bit:  on/off/[dim]
+- 4  bit:  unit
+- [4 bit:  dim level. Present of [dim] is chosen, but might be present anyway...]
+- stop pulse: 1T high, 40T low
+
+************/
+
+#ifdef ESP8266
+    // interrupt handler and related code must be in RAM on ESP8266,
+    #define RECEIVE_ATTR ICACHE_RAM_ATTR
+	#define CALLBACK_SIGNATURE (_callback)(receivedCode.period, receivedCode.address, receivedCode.groupBit, receivedCode.unit, receivedCode.switchType)
+#else
+    #define RECEIVE_ATTR
+	#define CALLBACK_SIGNATURE (_callback)(receivedCode.period, receivedCode.address, receivedCode.groupBit, receivedCode.unit, receivedCode.switchType)
+#endif
+
+int8_t NewRemoteReceiver::_interrupt;
+volatile short NewRemoteReceiver::_state;
+byte NewRemoteReceiver::_minRepeats;
+NewRemoteReceiverCallBack NewRemoteReceiver::_callback;
+boolean NewRemoteReceiver::_inCallback = false;
+boolean NewRemoteReceiver::_enabled = false;
+
+void NewRemoteReceiver::init(int8_t interrupt, byte minRepeats, NewRemoteReceiverCallBack callback) {
+	_interrupt = interrupt;
+	_minRepeats = minRepeats;
+	_callback = callback;
+
+	enable();
+	if (_interrupt >= 0) {
+		attachInterrupt(_interrupt, interruptHandler, CHANGE);
+	}
+}
+
+void NewRemoteReceiver::enable() {
+	RESET_STATE;
+	_enabled = true;
+}
+
+void NewRemoteReceiver::disable() {
+	_enabled = false;
+}
+
+void NewRemoteReceiver::deinit() {
+	_enabled = false;
+	if (_interrupt >= 0) {
+		detachInterrupt(_interrupt);
+	}
+}
+
+void RECEIVE_ATTR NewRemoteReceiver::interruptHandler() {
+	// This method is written as compact code to keep it fast. While breaking up this method into more
+	// methods would certainly increase the readability, it would also be much slower to execute.
+	// Making calls to other methods is quite expensive on AVR. As These interrupt handlers are called
+	// many times a second, calling other methods should be kept to a minimum.
+
+	if (!_enabled) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	static byte receivedBit;		// Contains "bit" currently receiving
+	static NewRemoteCode receivedCode;		// Contains received code
+	static NewRemoteCode previousCode;		// Contains previous received code
+	static byte repeats = 0;		// The number of times the an identical code is received in a row.
+	static unsigned long edgeTimeStamp[3] = {0, };	// Timestamp of edges
+	static unsigned int min1Period, max1Period, min5Period, max5Period;
+	static bool skip;
+
+	// Filter out too short pulses. This method works as a low pass filter.
+	edgeTimeStamp[1] = edgeTimeStamp[2];
+	edgeTimeStamp[2] = micros();
+
+	if (skip) {
+		skip = false;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (_state >= 0 && edgeTimeStamp[2]-edgeTimeStamp[1] < min1Period) {
+		// Last edge was too short.
+		// Skip this edge, and the next too.
+		skip = true;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	unsigned int duration = edgeTimeStamp[1] - edgeTimeStamp[0];
+	edgeTimeStamp[0] = edgeTimeStamp[1];
+
+	// Note that if state>=0, duration is always >= 1 period.
+	if (_state == -1) {
+		// wait for the long low part of a stop bit.
+		// Stopbit: 1T high, 40T low
+		// By default 1T is 260µs, but for maximum compatibility go as low as 120µs
+		if (duration > 4800 && duration < 15000) { // =40*120µs, minimal time between two edges before decoding starts.
+			// Sync signal received.. Preparing for decoding
+			repeats = 0;
+
+			receivedCode.period = duration / 40; // Measured signal is 40T, so 1T (period) is measured signal / 40.
+
+			// Allow for large error-margin. ElCheapo-hardware :(
+			min1Period = receivedCode.period * 3 / 10; // Lower limit for 1 period is 0.3 times measured period; high signals can "linger" a bit sometimes, making low signals quite short.
+			max1Period = receivedCode.period * 3; // Upper limit for 1 period is 3 times measured period
+			min5Period = receivedCode.period * 3; // Lower limit for 5 periods is 3 times measured period
+			max5Period = receivedCode.period * 8; // Upper limit for 5 periods is 8 times measured period
+		}
+		else {
+			return;
+		}
+	} else if (_state == 0) { // Verify start bit part 1 of 2
+		// Duration must be ~1T
+		if (duration > max1Period) {
+			RESET_STATE;
+			return;
+		}
+		// Start-bit passed. Do some clean-up.
+		receivedCode.address = receivedCode.unit = receivedCode.dimLevel = 0;
+	} else if (_state == 1) { // Verify start bit part 2 of 2
+		// Duration must be ~10.44T
+
+    //                Position wird nicht erreicht
+    //                SFL
+    //
+    //      digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);// turning LED on
+    //
+    //
+		if (duration < 7 * receivedCode.period || duration > 15 * receivedCode.period) {
+      			RESET_STATE;
+			return;
+		}
+	} else if (_state < 148) { // state 146 is first edge of stop-sequence. All bits before that adhere to default protocol, with exception of dim-bit
+		receivedBit <<= 1;
+
+//                Position wird nicht erreicht
+//                SFL
+//
+//                digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);// turning LED on
+//
+//
+
+		// One bit consists out of 4 bit parts.
+		// bit part durations can ONLY be 1 or 5 periods.
+		if (duration <= max1Period) {
+			receivedBit &= B1110; // Clear LSB of receivedBit
+		} else if (duration >= min5Period && duration <= max5Period) {
+			receivedBit |= B1; // Set LSB of receivedBit
+		} else if (
+			// Check if duration matches the second part of stopbit (duration must be ~40T), and ...
+			(duration >= 20 * receivedCode.period && duration <= 80 * receivedCode.period) &&
+			// if first part op stopbit was a short signal (short signal yielded a 0 as second bit in receivedBit), and ...
+			((receivedBit & B10) == B00) &&
+			// we are in a state in which a stopbit is actually valid, only then ...
+			(_state == 147 || _state == 131) ) {
+				// If a dim-level was present...
+				if (_state == 147) {
+					// mark received switch signal as signal-with-dim
+                    receivedCode.dimLevelPresent = true;
+				}
+
+				// a valid signal was found!
+				if (
+						receivedCode.address != previousCode.address ||
+						receivedCode.unit != previousCode.unit ||
+						receivedCode.dimLevelPresent != previousCode.dimLevelPresent ||
+						receivedCode.dimLevel != previousCode.dimLevel ||
+						receivedCode.groupBit != previousCode.groupBit ||
+						receivedCode.switchType != previousCode.switchType
+					) { // memcmp isn't deemed safe
+					repeats=0;
+					previousCode = receivedCode;
+				}
+
+				repeats++;
+
+				if (repeats>=_minRepeats) {
+					if (!_inCallback) {
+						_inCallback = true;
+						CALLBACK_SIGNATURE;
+						_inCallback = false;
+					}
+					// Reset after callback.
+					RESET_STATE;
+					return;
+				}
+
+				// Reset for next round
+				_state=0; // no need to wait for another sync-bit!
+				return;
+		}
+		else { // Otherwise the entire sequence is invalid
+			RESET_STATE;
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (_state % 4 == 1) { // Last bit part? Note: this is the short version of "if ( (_state-2) % 4 == 3 )"
+			// There are 3 valid options for receivedBit:
+			// 0, indicated by short short short long == B0001.
+			// 1, short long shot short == B0100.
+			// dim, short shot short shot == B0000.
+			// Everything else: inconsistent data, trash the whole sequence.
+
+
+			if (_state < 106) {
+				// States 2 - 105 are address bit states
+
+				receivedCode.address <<= 1;
+
+				// Decode bit. Only 4 LSB's of receivedBit are used; trim the rest.
+				switch (receivedBit & B1111) {
+					case B0001: // Bit "0" received.
+						// receivedCode.address |= 0; But let's not do that, as it is wasteful.
+						break;
+					case B0100: // Bit "1" received.
+						receivedCode.address |= 1;
+						break;
+					default: // Bit was invalid. Abort.
+						RESET_STATE;
+						return;
+				}
+			} else if (_state < 110) {
+				// States 106 - 109 are group bit states.
+				switch (receivedBit & B1111) {
+					case B0001: // Bit "0" received.
+						receivedCode.groupBit = false;
+						break;
+					case B0100: // Bit "1" received.
+						receivedCode.groupBit = true;
+						break;
+					default: // Bit was invalid. Abort.
+						RESET_STATE;
+						return;
+				}
+			} else if (_state < 114) {
+				// States 110 - 113 are switch bit states.
+				switch (receivedBit & B1111) {
+					case B0001: // Bit "0" received.
+						receivedCode.switchType = NewRemoteCode::off;
+						break;
+					case B0100: // Bit "1" received. Note: this might turn out to be a on_with_dim signal.
+						receivedCode.switchType = NewRemoteCode::on;
+						break;
+					case B0000: // Bit "dim" received.
+						receivedCode.switchType = NewRemoteCode::dim;
+						break;
+					default: // Bit was invalid. Abort.
+						RESET_STATE;
+						return;
+				}
+			} else if (_state < 130){
+				// States 114 - 129 are unit bit states.
+				receivedCode.unit <<= 1;
+
+				// Decode bit.
+				switch (receivedBit & B1111) {
+					case B0001: // Bit "0" received.
+						// receivedCode.unit |= 0; But let's not do that, as it is wasteful.
+						break;
+					case B0100: // Bit "1" received.
+						receivedCode.unit |= 1;
+						break;
+					default: // Bit was invalid. Abort.
+						RESET_STATE;
+						return;
+				}
+
+			} else if (_state < 146) {
+				// States 130 - 145 are dim bit states.
+                // Depending on hardware, these bits can be present, even if switchType is NewRemoteCode::on or NewRemoteCode::off
+
+				receivedCode.dimLevel <<= 1;
+
+				// Decode bit.
+				switch (receivedBit & B1111) {
+					case B0001: // Bit "0" received.
+						// receivedCode.dimLevel |= 0; But let's not do that, as it is wasteful.
+						break;
+					case B0100: // Bit "1" received.
+						receivedCode.dimLevel |= 1;
+						break;
+					default: // Bit was invalid. Abort.
+						RESET_STATE;
+						return;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	_state++;
+        digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);// turning LED off
+	return;
+}
+
+boolean NewRemoteReceiver::isReceiving(int waitMillis) {
+	unsigned long startTime=millis();
+
+	int waited; // Signed int!
+	do {
+		if (_state >= 34) { // Abort if a significant part of a code (start pulse + 8 bits) has been received
+			return true;
+		}
+		waited = (millis()-startTime);
+	} while(waited>=0 && waited <= waitMillis); // Yes, clock wraps every 50 days. And then you'd have to wait for a looooong time.
+
+	return false;
+}

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/NewRemoteReceiver.h

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * NewRemoteSwitch library v1.2.0 (20140128) made by Randy Simons http://randysimons.nl/
+ *
+ * License: GPLv3. See license.txt
+ */
+
+#ifndef NewRemoteReceiver_h
+#define NewRemoteReceiver_h
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+typedef enum SwitchType {
+   off = 0,
+    on = 1,
+    dim = 2
+  } switchType;
+
+struct NewRemoteCode {
+	enum SwitchType {
+   off = 0,
+    on = 1,
+    dim = 2
+  };
+	unsigned int period;		// Detected duration in microseconds of 1T in the received signal
+	unsigned long address;		// Address of received code. [0..2^26-1]
+	boolean groupBit;			// Group bit set or not
+	SwitchType switchType;		// off, on, dim, on_with_dim.
+	byte unit;					// Unit code of received code [0..15]
+	boolean dimLevelPresent;	// Dim level present or not. Will be available for switchType dim, but might be available for on or off too, depending on remote.
+	byte dimLevel;				// Dim level [0..15]. Will be available if switchType is dim, on_with_dim or off_with_dim.
+};
+
+#ifdef ESP8266
+#include <functional>
+#define CALLBACK_SIGNATUREH typedef std::function<void(unsigned int period, unsigned long address, unsigned long groupBit, unsigned long unit, unsigned long switchType)> NewRemoteReceiverCallBack
+#else
+#define CALLBACK_SIGNATUREH typedef void (*NewRemoteReceiverCallBack)(unsigned int period, unsigned long address, unsigned long groupBit, unsigned long unit, unsigned long switchType)
+#endif
+CALLBACK_SIGNATUREH;
+
+
+/**
+* See RemoteSwitch for introduction.
+*
+* NewRemoteReceiver decodes the signal received from a 433MHz-receiver, like the "KlikAanKlikUit"-system
+* as well as the signal sent by the RemoteSwtich class. When a correct signal is received,
+* a user-defined callback function is called.
+*
+* Note that in the callback function, the interrupts are still disabled. You can enabled them, if needed.
+* A call to the callback must be finished before NewRemoteReceiver will call the callback function again, thus
+* there is no re-entrant problem.
+*
+* When sending your own code using NewRemoteSwich, disable() the receiver first.
+*
+* This is a pure static class, for simplicity and to limit memory-use.
+*/
+
+		
+class NewRemoteReceiver {
+	public:
+		/**
+		* Initializes the decoder.
+		*
+		* If interrupt >= 0, init will register pin <interrupt> to this library.
+		* If interrupt < 0, no interrupt is registered. In that case, you have to call interruptHandler()
+		* yourself whenever the output of the receiver changes, or you can use InterruptChain.
+		*
+		* @param interrupt 	The interrupt as is used by Arduino's attachInterrupt function. See attachInterrupt for details.
+							If < 0, you must call interruptHandler() yourself.
+		* @param minRepeats The number of times the same code must be received in a row before the callback is calles
+		* @param callback Pointer to a callback function, with signature void (*func)(NewRemoteCode)
+		*/
+		static void init(int8_t interrupt, byte minRepeats, NewRemoteReceiverCallBack callback);
+
+		/**
+		* Enable decoding. No need to call enable() after init().
+		*/
+		static void enable();
+
+		/**
+		* Disable decoding. You can re-enable decoding by calling enable();
+		*/
+		static void disable();
+
+		/**
+		* Deinitializes the decoder. Disables decoding and detaches the interrupt handler. If you want to
+		* re-enable decoding, call init() again.
+		*/
+		static void deinit();
+
+		/**
+		* Tells wether a signal is being received. If a compatible signal is detected within the time out, isReceiving returns true.
+		* Since it makes no sense to transmit while another transmitter is active, it's best to wait for isReceiving() to false.
+		* By default it waits for 150ms, in which a (relative slow) KaKu signal can be broadcasted three times.
+		*
+		* Note: isReceiving() depends on interrupts enabled. Thus, when disabled()'ed, or when interrupts are disabled (as is
+		* the case in the callback), isReceiving() will not work properly.
+		*
+		* @param waitMillis number of milliseconds to monitor for signal.
+		* @return boolean If after waitMillis no signal was being processed, returns false. If before expiration a signal was being processed, returns true.
+		*/
+		static boolean isReceiving(int waitMillis = 150);
+
+		/**
+		 * Called every time the signal level changes (high to low or vice versa). Usually called by interrupt.
+		 */
+		static void interruptHandler();
+
+	private:
+
+		static int8_t _interrupt;					// Radio input interrupt
+		volatile static short _state;				// State of decoding process.
+		static byte _minRepeats;
+		static NewRemoteReceiverCallBack _callback;
+		static boolean _inCallback;					// When true, the callback function is being executed; prevents re-entrance.
+		static boolean _enabled;					// If true, monitoring and decoding is enabled. If false, interruptHandler will return immediately.
+
+};
+
+#endif

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/NewRemoteTransmitter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * NewRemoteSwitch library v1.2.0 (20140128) made by Randy Simons http://randysimons.nl/
+ * See NewRemoteTransmitter.h for details.
+ *
+ * License: GPLv3. See license.txt
+ */
+
+#include "NewRemoteTransmitter.h"
+#ifdef ESP8266
+    // interrupt handler and related code must be in RAM on ESP8266,
+    #define RECEIVE_ATTR ICACHE_RAM_ATTR
+#else
+    #define RECEIVE_ATTR
+#endif
+
+NewRemoteTransmitter::NewRemoteTransmitter(unsigned long address, byte pin, unsigned int periodusec, byte repeats) {
+	_address = address;
+	_pin = pin;
+	_periodusec = periodusec;
+	_repeats = (1 << repeats) - 1; // I.e. _repeats = 2^repeats - 1
+
+	pinMode(_pin, OUTPUT);
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::sendGroup(boolean switchOn) {
+	for (int8_t i = _repeats; i >= 0; i--) {
+		_sendStartPulse();
+
+		_sendAddress();
+
+		// Do send group bit
+		_sendBit(true);
+
+		// Switch on | off
+		_sendBit(switchOn);
+
+		// No unit. Is this actually ignored?..
+		_sendUnit(0);
+
+		_sendStopPulse();
+	}
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::sendUnit(byte unit, boolean switchOn) {
+	for (int8_t i = _repeats; i >= 0; i--) {
+		_sendStartPulse();
+
+		_sendAddress();
+
+		// No group bit
+		_sendBit(false);
+
+		// Switch on | off
+		_sendBit(switchOn);
+
+		_sendUnit(unit);
+
+		_sendStopPulse();
+	}
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::sendDim(byte unit, byte dimLevel) {
+	for (int8_t i = _repeats; i >= 0; i--) {
+		_sendStartPulse();
+
+		_sendAddress();
+
+		// No group bit
+		_sendBit(false);
+
+		// Switch type 'dim'
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+
+		_sendUnit(unit);
+
+		for (int8_t j=3; j>=0; j--) {
+		   _sendBit(dimLevel & 1<<j);
+		}
+
+		_sendStopPulse();
+	}
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::sendGroupDim(byte dimLevel) {
+	for (int8_t i = _repeats; i >= 0; i--) {
+		_sendStartPulse();
+
+		_sendAddress();
+
+		// No group bit
+		_sendBit(true);
+
+		// Switch type 'dim'
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+
+		_sendUnit(0);
+
+		for (int8_t j=3; j>=0; j--) {
+		   _sendBit(dimLevel & 1<<j);
+		}
+
+		_sendStopPulse();
+	}
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::_sendStartPulse(){
+	digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+	delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+	digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+	delayMicroseconds(_periodusec * 10 + (_periodusec >> 1)); // Actually 10.5T insteat of 10.44T. Close enough.
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::_sendAddress() {
+	for (int8_t i=25; i>=0; i--) {
+	   _sendBit((_address >> i) & 1);
+	}
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::_sendUnit(byte unit) {
+	for (int8_t i=3; i>=0; i--) {
+	   _sendBit(unit & 1<<i);
+	}
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::_sendStopPulse() {
+	digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+	delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+	digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+	delayMicroseconds(_periodusec * 40);
+}
+
+void NewRemoteTransmitter::_sendBit(boolean isBitOne) {
+	if (isBitOne) {
+		// Send '1'
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec * 5);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+	} else {
+		// Send '0'
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, HIGH);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec);
+		digitalWrite(_pin, LOW);
+		delayMicroseconds(_periodusec * 5);
+	}
+}

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/NewRemoteTransmitter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+ * NewRemoteSwitch library v1.2.0 (20140128) made by Randy Simons http://randysimons.nl/
+ *
+ * License: GPLv3. See license.txt
+ */
+
+#ifndef NewRemoteTransmitter_h
+#define NewRemoteTransmitter_h
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+
+/**
+* NewRemoteTransmitter provides a generic class for simulation of common RF remote controls, like the A-series
+* 'Klik aan Klik uit'-system (http://www.klikaanklikuit.nl/), used to remotely switch lights etc.
+*
+* This class is meant for new-style remotes, usually accompanied by receivers with "code learning"
+* capabilities. For other remotes, use the RemoteTransmitter class.
+*
+* Hardware required for this library: a 433MHz/434MHz SAW oscillator transmitter, e.g.
+* http://www.sparkfun.com/products/10534
+* http://www.conrad.nl/goto/?product=130428
+*
+* Notes:
+* - I measured the period length with an oscilloscope, using a A-series KAKU transmitter. Other devices
+*   or manufacturers may use other period length. Use the ShowReceivedCodeNewRemote example to find the
+*   period length for your devices.
+* - You can copy the address of your "real" remotes, so you won't have to learn new codes into the receivers.
+*   In effect this duplicates a remote. But you can also pick a random number in the range 0..2^26-1.
+*/
+class NewRemoteTransmitter {
+	public:
+		/**
+		* Constructor.
+		*
+		* To obtain the correct period length, use the ShowReceivedCodeNewRemote example, or you
+		* can use an oscilloscope.
+		*
+		* @param address	Address of this transmitter [0..2^26-1] Duplicate the address of your hardware, or choose a random number.
+		* @param pin		Output pin on Arduino to which the transmitter is connected
+		* @param periodusec	Duration of one period, in microseconds. One bit takes 8 periods (but only 4 for 'dim' signal).
+		* @param repeats	[0..8] The 2log-Number of times the signal is repeated. The actual number of repeats will be 2^repeats. 2 would be bare minimum, 4 seems robust, 8 is maximum (and overkill).
+		*/
+		NewRemoteTransmitter(unsigned long address, byte pin, unsigned int periodusec = 260, byte repeats = 4);
+
+		/**
+		 * Send on/off command to the address group.
+		 *
+		 * @param switchOn  True to send "on" signal, false to send "off" signal.
+		 */
+		void sendGroup(boolean switchOn);
+
+		/**
+		 * Send on/off command to an unit on the current address.
+		 *
+		 * @param unit      [0..15] target unit.
+		 * @param switchOn  True to send "on" signal, false to send "off" signal.
+		 */
+		void sendUnit(byte unit, boolean switchOn);
+
+		/**
+		 * Send dim value to an unit on the current address. This will also switch on the device.
+		 * Note that low bound can be limited on the dimmer itself. Setting a dimLevel of 0
+		 * may not actually turn off the device.
+		 *
+		 * @param unit      [0..15] target unit.
+		 * @param dimLevel  [0..15] Dim level. 0 for off, 15 for brightest level.
+		 */
+		void sendDim(byte unit, byte dimLevel);
+		
+		/**
+		 * Send dim value the current address group. This will also switch on the device.
+		 * Note that low bound can be limited on the dimmer itself. Setting a dimLevel of 0
+		 * may not actually turn off the device.
+		 *
+		 * @param dimLevel  [0..15] Dim level. 0 for off, 15 for brightest level.
+		 */
+		void sendGroupDim(byte dimLevel);
+
+	protected:
+		unsigned long _address;		// Address of this transmitter.
+		byte _pin;					// Transmitter output pin
+		unsigned int _periodusec;	// Oscillator period in microseconds
+		byte _repeats;				// Number over repetitions of one telegram
+
+		/**
+		 * Transmits start-pulse
+		 */
+		void _sendStartPulse();
+
+		/**
+		 * Transmits address part
+		 */
+		void _sendAddress();
+
+		/**
+		 * Transmits unit part.
+		 *
+		 * @param unit      [0-15] target unit.
+		 */
+		void _sendUnit(byte unit);
+
+		/**
+		 * Transmits stop pulse.
+		 */
+		void _sendStopPulse();
+
+		/**
+		 * Transmits a single bit.
+		 *
+		 * @param isBitOne	True, to send '1', false to send '0'.
+		 */
+		void _sendBit(boolean isBitOne);
+};
+#endif

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+NewRemoteSwitch library v1.2.0 (20140128) for Arduino 1.0
+Made by Randy Simons http://randysimons.nl/
+
+This library provides an easy class for Arduino, to send and receive signals
+used by some common "new style" 433MHz remote control switches.
+
+There are two styles of remote:
+ - "old style", which uses switches or a dial to set the house code. Use the
+	RemoteSwitch library instead.
+ - "new style", which use a button on the receivers to "learn" a signal. Use
+   this library.
+
+License: GPLv3. See ./NewRemoteSwitch/license.txt
+
+Latest source and wiki: https://bitbucket.org/fuzzillogic/433mhzforarduino
+
+
+Installation of library:
+ - Make sure Arduino is closed
+ - Copy the directory NewRemoteSwitch to the Arduino library directory (usually
+   <Sketchbook directory>/libraries/)
+   See http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Libraries for detailed instructions.
+ 
+Default installation demo:
+ - Connect the data-out-pin of a 433MHz receiver to digital pin 2. See photo.
+  (Note: your hardware may have a different pin configuration!)
+ - Start Arduino, and open the example: File -> Examples -> NewRemoteSwitch ->
+   ShowReceivedCode or ShowReceivedCodeNewRemote.
+ - Compile, upload and run
+ - Open serial monitor in Arduino (115200 baud)
+ - Press buttons on a 433MHz-remote, and watch the serial monitor
+ 
+
+Changelog:
+NewRemoteSwitch library v1.2.0 (20140128) for Arduino 1.0
+ - Revisited receiving dim-levels. Now it is always optional, check
+   dimLevelPresent to see if it was transmitted.
+   This change might break your code, as SwitchType::on_with_dim is removed.
+ - Added NewRemoteTransmitter::sendGroupDim.
+ - Added Dimmer example. Thanks to a Bitcoin donation, I could actually test it!
+
+NewRemoteSwitch library v1.1.0 (20130601) for Arduino 1.0
+ - BUGFIX: in many occasions, when receiving a dim-level, the code was rejected
+   even if the signal was correct.
+ - Support decoding A-series transmitters which transmit a dim-level in
+   combination with an on-signal, instead of a dim-signal.
+ - Uses NewRemodeCode::on, ::off, ::dim, ::on_with_dim instead of 0, 1, 2 and 3,
+   for better readability. This change is backwards compatible.
+ - Updated examples to use the new NewRemodeCode::on, ::off, ::dim and
+   ::on_with_dim notation.
+ - Reduced memory usage (Flash, RAM)
+
+NewRemoteSwitch library v1.0.0 (20121229) for Arduino 1.0
+ - Support for receiving A-series Klik-aan-klik-uit remote. (NewRemoteReceiver)
+ - With examples to test and demonstrate.

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/docs/new kaku protocol.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+= Protocol of klikaanklikuit A-series devices =
+
+Copied from Wieltje, http://www.circuitsonline.net/forum/view/message/1181410#1181410,
+but with slightly different timings, as measured on my device.
+        _   _
+'0':   | |_| |_____ (T,T,T,5T)
+        _       _
+'1':   | |_____| |_ (T,5T,T,T)
+        _   _
+'dim': | |_| |_     (T,T,T,T)
+
+T = short period of ~260µs. Use the ShowReceivedCodeNewRemote example to find the
+actual period length for your devices.
+
+A full frame looks like this:
+
+- start pulse: 1T high, 10.44T low
+- 26 bit:  Address
+- 1  bit:  group bit
+- 1  bit:  on/off/[dim]
+- 4  bit:  unit
+- [4 bit:  dim level. Only present of [dim] is chosen]
+- stop pulse: 1T high, 40T low

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/examples/LearnCode/LearnCode.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Demo for RF remote switch receiver. 
+ * This example is for the new KaKu / Home Easy type of remotes!
+ *
+ * For details, see NewRemoteReceiver.h!
+ *
+ * With this sketch you can control a LED connected to digital pin 13,
+ * after the sketch learned the code. After start, the LED starts to blink,
+ * until a valid code has been received. The led stops blinking. Now you
+ * can control the LED with the remote.
+ *
+ * Note: only unit-switches are supported in this sketch, no group or dim.
+ *
+ * Set-up: connect the receiver to digital pin 2 and a LED to digital pin 13.
+ */
+
+#include <NewRemoteReceiver.h>
+
+boolean codeLearned = false;
+unsigned long learnedAddress;
+byte learnedUnit;
+
+void setup() {
+  // LED-pin as output
+  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
+
+  // Init a new receiver on interrupt pin 0, minimal 2 identical repeats, and callback set to processCode.
+  NewRemoteReceiver::init(0, 2, processCode);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // Blink led until a code has been learned
+  if (!codeLearned) {
+    digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
+    delay(500);
+    digitalWrite(13, LOW);
+    delay(500);
+  }
+}
+
+// Callback function is called only when a valid code is received.
+void processCode(NewRemoteCode receivedCode) {
+  // A code has been received.
+  // Do we already know the code?
+  if (!codeLearned) {
+    // No! Let's learn the received code.
+    learnedAddress = receivedCode.address;
+    learnedUnit = receivedCode.unit;
+    codeLearned = true;    
+  } else {
+    // Yes!    
+    // Is the received code identical to the learned code?
+    if (receivedCode.address == learnedAddress && receivedCode.unit == learnedUnit) {
+      // Yes!
+      // Switch the LED off if the received code was "off".
+      // Anything else (on, dim, on_with_dim) will switch the LED on.
+      if (receivedCode.switchType == NewRemoteCode::off) {
+        digitalWrite(13, LOW);
+      } else {
+        digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/examples/LightShow/LightShow.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * Demo for RF remote switch receiver.
+ * For details, see NewRemoteReceiver.h!
+ *
+ * Connect the transmitter to digital pin 11.
+ *
+ * This sketch demonstrates the use of the NewRemoteTransmitter class.
+ *
+ * When run, this sketch switches some pre-defined devices on and off in a loop.
+ *
+ * NOTE: the actual receivers have the address and group numbers in this example
+ * are only for demonstration! If you want to duplicate an existing remote, please
+ * try the "retransmitter"-example instead.
+ * 
+ * To use this actual example, you'd need to "learn" the used code in the receivers
+ * This sketch is unsuited for that.
+ * 
+ */
+
+#include <NewRemoteTransmitter.h>
+
+// Create a transmitter on address 123, using digital pin 11 to transmit, 
+// with a period duration of 260ms (default), repeating the transmitted
+// code 2^3=8 times.
+NewRemoteTransmitter transmitter(123, 11, 260, 3);
+
+void setup() {
+}
+
+void loop() {  
+  // Switch unit 2 off
+  transmitter.sendUnit(2, false);
+
+  // Switch all devices in the group off
+  transmitter.sendGroup(false);
+
+  // Set unit 1 to dim-level 3 (range 0-15)
+  transmitter.sendDim(1, 3);  
+
+  // Wait 5 seconds
+  delay(5000);
+  
+
+  // Switch unit 2 on
+  transmitter.sendUnit(2, true);
+
+  // Switch all devices in the group on
+  transmitter.sendGroup(true);
+
+  // Set unit 1 to dim-level 15, full brightness.
+  transmitter.sendDim(1, 15);
+
+  // Wait 5 seconds
+  delay(5000);
+}

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/examples/Retransmitter/Retransmitter.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Demo for RF remote switch receiver.
+ * For details, see NewRemoteReceiver.h!
+ *
+ * Connect the transmitter to digital pin 11, and the receiver to digital pin 2.
+ *
+ * When run, this sketch waits for a valid code from a new-style the receiver,
+ * decodes it, and retransmits it after 5 seconds.
+ */
+
+#include <NewRemoteReceiver.h>
+#include <NewRemoteTransmitter.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  // See example ShowReceivedCode for info on this
+  NewRemoteReceiver::init(0, 2, retransmitter);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+}
+
+void retransmitter(NewRemoteCode receivedCode) {
+  // Disable the receiver; otherwise it might pick up the retransmit as well.
+  NewRemoteReceiver::disable();
+
+  // Need interrupts for delay()
+  interrupts();
+
+  // Wait 5 seconds before sending.
+  delay(5000);
+
+  // Create a new transmitter with the received address and period, use digital pin 11 as output pin
+
+  NewRemoteTransmitter transmitter(receivedCode.address, 11, receivedCode.period);
+
+  if (receivedCode.switchType == NewRemoteCode::dim || 
+    (receivedCode.switchType == NewRemoteCode::on && receivedCode.dimLevelPresent)) {
+    // Dimmer signal received
+
+    if (receivedCode.groupBit) {
+      transmitter.sendGroupDim(receivedCode.dimLevel);
+    } 
+    else {
+      transmitter.sendDim(receivedCode.unit, receivedCode.dimLevel);
+    }
+  } 
+  else {
+    // On/Off signal received
+    bool isOn = receivedCode.switchType == NewRemoteCode::on;
+
+    if (receivedCode.groupBit) {
+      // Send to the group
+      transmitter.sendGroup(isOn);
+    } 
+    else {
+      // Send to a single unit
+      transmitter.sendUnit(receivedCode.unit, isOn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  NewRemoteReceiver::enable();
+}
+

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/examples/ShowReceivedCode/ShowReceivedCode.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+* Demo for RF remote switch receiver.
+* For details, see RemoteReceiver.h!
+*
+* This sketch shows the received signals on the serial port.
+* Connect the receiver to digital pin 2 on arduino and digital pin 1 on ESP8266.
+* Detected codes example:
+ Code: 8233372 Period: 273
+ unit: 1
+ groupBit: 0
+ switchType: 0
+*/
+
+#include <NewRemoteReceiver.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+  // Initialize receiver on interrupt 0 (= digital pin 2) for arduino uno, calls the callback "showCode"
+  // after 1 identical codes have been received in a row. (thus, keep the button pressed
+  // for a moment), on esp8266 use on interrupt 5 = digital pin 1
+  //
+  // See the interrupt-parameter of attachInterrupt for possible values (and pins)
+  // to connect the receiver.
+
+  // if you don't see codes try to reset your board after upload
+  
+    #ifdef ESP8266
+      NewRemoteReceiver::init(5, 2, showCode);
+    #else
+      NewRemoteReceiver::init(0, 2, showCode);
+    #endif
+    Serial.println("Receiver initialized");    
+}
+
+void loop() {
+
+}
+
+// Callback function is called only when a valid code is received.
+void showCode(unsigned int period, unsigned long address, unsigned long groupBit, unsigned long unit, unsigned long switchType) {
+
+  // Print the received code.
+  Serial.print("Code: ");
+  Serial.print(address);
+  Serial.print(" Period: ");
+  Serial.println(period);
+  Serial.print(" unit: ");
+  Serial.println(unit);
+  Serial.print(" groupBit: ");
+  Serial.println(groupBit);
+  Serial.print(" switchType: ");
+  Serial.println(switchType);
+
+}

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/keywords.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+NewRemoteReceiver	KEYWORD1
+NewRemoteCode	KEYWORD1
+isReceiving	KEYWORD2
+init	KEYWORD2
+enable	KEYWORD2
+disable	KEYWORD2
+deinit	KEYWORD2
+NewRemoteTransmitter	KEYWORD1
+sendGroup	KEYWORD2
+sendUnit	KEYWORD2
+sendDim	KEYWORD2
+sendGroupDim	KEYWORD2

lib/NewRemoteSwitch/license.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
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+
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+
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+
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+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
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+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+combination as such.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
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+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
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+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
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+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
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+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
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+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
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+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
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+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
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+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

src/decoder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// *****************************************************************************************
+// ************************************************************
+// **************************************
+// *
+// * Header Files
+// * 
+// *
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+static unsigned long oldSensor; 
+
+// *****************************************************************************************
+// ************************************************************
+// **************************************
+// *
+// * Functions Declaration and Implementation
+// * 
+// *
+
+// *
+// * Decode incomming messages
+// * 
+void decoder (unsigned long sensor, unsigned int protocol) {
+
+    switch(sensor) {
+
+       case 0x46BB06: Serial.print("PIR Sensor activated\n"); break;
+       
+       case 0x0551: Serial.print("Button A - on pressed\n"); break;
+       case 0x1151: Serial.print("Button B - on pressed\n"); break;
+       case 0x1451: Serial.print("Button C - on pressed\n"); break;
+       case 0x1511: Serial.print("Button D - on pressed\n"); break;
+       
+       case 0x0554: Serial.print("Button A - off pressed\n"); break;
+       case 0x1154: Serial.print("Button B - off pressed\n"); break;
+       case 0x1454: Serial.print("Button C - off pressed\n"); break;
+       case 0x1514: Serial.print("Button D - off pressed\n"); break;
+
+       case 0x155F: Serial.print("Button released ?\n"); break;
+       
+       default:     Serial.print("default case - ");    
+                    Serial.print("Received 0x");
+                    Serial.println(sensor,HEX);
+                    break;                           
+    }
+  return;
+}

src/main.cpp

@@ -6,20 +6,18 @@
 // * 
 // *
 
-#define NewRemoteRcv   0
+#define NewRemoteRcv   1
 #if NewRemoteRcv
   #include <NewRemoteReceiver.h>
 #else
   #include <RCSwitch.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <Arduino.h>
 #include <Thread.h>
 #include <Wire.h>
 #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
 
-LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // display type 16x2
-
-
 #include <avr/sleep.h>//this AVR library contains the methods that controls the sleep modes
 #include <avr/power.h>
 #include <avr/wdt.h>
@@ -67,6 +65,8 @@ int freeRam () {
 // * 
 // *
 
+LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // display type 16x2
+
 bool BoardRunning = false;
 
 Thread myThreadLed = Thread();
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ unsigned long switchReceivedValue = 0;
 // * 
 // *
 
+void showCode(unsigned int period, unsigned long address, unsigned long groupBit, unsigned long unit, unsigned long switchType);
+
 // *
 // * Thread - Toggle LED
 // * 

src/output.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// *****************************************************************************************
+// ************************************************************
+// **************************************
+// *
+// * Header Files
+// * 
+// *
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+// *****************************************************************************************
+// ************************************************************
+// **************************************
+// *
+// * Functions Declaration and Implementation
+// * 
+// *
+
+
+static const char* bin2tristate(const char* bin);
+static char * dec2binWzerofill(unsigned long Dec, unsigned int bitLength);
+
+void output(unsigned long decimal, unsigned int length, unsigned int delay, unsigned int* raw, unsigned int protocol) {
+
+  const char* b = dec2binWzerofill(decimal, length);
+  Serial.print("Decimal: ");
+  Serial.print(decimal);
+  Serial.print(" (");
+  Serial.print( length );
+  Serial.print("Bit) Binary: ");
+  Serial.print( b );
+  Serial.print("\nTri-State: ");
+  Serial.print( bin2tristate( b) );
+  Serial.print("\nPulseLength: ");
+  Serial.print(delay);
+  Serial.print(" microseconds");
+  Serial.print(" Protocol: ");
+  Serial.println(protocol);  
+
+  Serial.println();
+  Serial.println();
+}
+
+static const char* bin2tristate(const char* bin) {
+  static char returnValue[50];
+  int pos = 0;
+  int pos2 = 0;
+  while (bin[pos]!='\0' && bin[pos+1]!='\0') {
+    if (bin[pos]=='0' && bin[pos+1]=='0') {
+      returnValue[pos2] = '0';
+    } else if (bin[pos]=='1' && bin[pos+1]=='1') {
+      returnValue[pos2] = '1';
+    } else if (bin[pos]=='0' && bin[pos+1]=='1') {
+      returnValue[pos2] = 'F';
+    } else {
+      return "not applicable";
+    }
+    pos = pos+2;
+    pos2++;
+  }
+  returnValue[pos2] = '\0';
+  return returnValue;
+}
+
+static char * dec2binWzerofill(unsigned long Dec, unsigned int bitLength) {
+  static char bin[64]; 
+  unsigned int i=0;
+
+  while (Dec > 0) {
+    bin[32+i++] = ((Dec & 1) > 0) ? '1' : '0';
+    Dec = Dec >> 1;
+  }
+
+  for (unsigned int j = 0; j< bitLength; j++) {
+    if (j >= bitLength - i) {
+      bin[j] = bin[ 31 + i - (j - (bitLength - i)) ];
+    } else {
+      bin[j] = '0';
+    }
+  }
+  bin[bitLength] = '\0';
+  
+  return bin;
+}