#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

class Number
{
public:
    // 2. Define a public static accessor func
    static Number* instance();
    static void setType(string t)
    {
        type = t;
        delete inst;
        inst = 0;
    }
    virtual void setValue(int in)
    {
        value = in;
    }
    virtual int getValue()
    {
        return value;
    }
protected:
    int value;
    // 4. Define all ctors to be protected
    Number()
    {
        cout << ":ctor: ";
    }
    // 1. Define a private static attribute
private:
    static string type;
    static Number* inst;
};

class Octal : public Number
{
    // 6. Inheritance can be supported
public:
    friend class Number;
    void setValue(int in)
    {
        char buf[10];
        sprintf_s(buf, "%o", in);
        sscanf_s(buf, "%d", &value);
    }
protected:
    Octal() {}
};

Number* Number::instance()
{
    if (!inst)
        // 3. Do "lazy initialization" in the accessor function
        if (type == "octal")
            inst = new Octal();
        else
            inst = new Number();
    return inst;
}

string Number::type = "decimal"; 
Number* Number::inst = 0;

int main()
{
    // Number  myInstance; - error: cannot access protected constructor
    // 5. Clients may only use the accessor function to manipulate the Singleton
    Number::setType("octal");
    Number::instance()->setValue(42);
    cout << "value is " << Number::instance()->getValue() << endl;
    Number::setType("decimal");
    Number::instance()->setValue(64);
    cout << "value is " << Number::instance()->getValue() << endl;

    Number::setType("decimal");
    Number::instance()->setValue(42);
    cout << "value is " << Number::instance()->getValue() << endl;
    Number::setType("octal");
    Number::instance()->setValue(64);
    cout << "value is " << Number::instance()->getValue() << endl;
}