repos/C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/FastDelegate.h

#pragma once
//						FastDelegate.h 
//	Efficient delegates in C++ that generate only two lines of asm code!
//  Documentation is found at http://www.codeproject.com/cpp/FastDelegate.asp
//
//						- Don Clugston, Mar 2004.
//		Major contributions were made by Jody Hagins.
// History:
// 24-Apr-04 1.0  * Submitted to CodeProject. 
// 28-Apr-04 1.1  * Prevent most unsafe uses of evil static function hack.
//				  * Improved syntax for horrible_cast (thanks Paul Bludov).
//				  * Tested on Metrowerks MWCC and Intel ICL (IA32)
//				  * Compiled, but not run, on Comeau C++ and Intel Itanium ICL.
//	27-Jun-04 1.2 * Now works on Borland C++ Builder 5.5
//				  * Now works on /clr "managed C++" code on VC7, VC7.1
//				  * Comeau C++ now compiles without warnings.
//				  * Prevent the virtual inheritance case from being used on 
//					  VC6 and earlier, which generate incorrect code.
//				  * Improved warning and error messages. Non-standard hacks
//					 now have compile-time checks to make them safer.
//				  * implicit_cast used instead of static_cast in many cases.
//				  * If calling a const member function, a const class pointer can be used.
//				  * MakeDelegate() global helper function added to simplify pass-by-value.
//				  * Added fastdelegate.clear()
// 16-Jul-04 1.2.1* Workaround for gcc bug (const member function pointers in templates)
// 30-Oct-04 1.3  * Support for (non-void) return values.
//				  * No more workarounds in client code!
//					 MSVC and Intel now use a clever hack invented by John Dlugosz:
//				     - The FASTDELEGATEDECLARE workaround is no longer necessary.
//					 - No more warning messages for VC6
//				  * Less use of macros. Error messages should be more comprehensible.
//				  * Added include guards
//				  * Added FastDelegate::empty() to test if invocation is safe (Thanks Neville Franks).
//				  * Now tested on VS 2005 Express Beta, PGI C++
// 24-Dec-04 1.4  * Added DelegateMemento, to allow collections of disparate delegates.
//                * <,>,<=,>= comparison operators to allow storage in ordered containers.
//				  * Substantial reduction of code size, especially the 'Closure' class.
//				  * Standardised all the compiler-specific workarounds.
//                * MFP conversion now works for CodePlay (but not yet supported in the full code).
//                * Now compiles without warnings on _any_ supported compiler, including BCC 5.5.1
//				  * New syntax: FastDelegate< int (char *, double) >. 
// 14-Feb-05 1.4.1* Now treats =0 as equivalent to .clear(), ==0 as equivalent to .empty(). (Thanks elfric).
//				  * Now tested on Intel ICL for AMD64, VS2005 Beta for AMD64 and Itanium.
// 30-Mar-05 1.5  * Safebool idiom: "if (dg)" is now equivalent to "if (!dg.empty())"
//				  * Fully supported by CodePlay VectorC
//                * Bugfix for Metrowerks: empty() was buggy because a valid MFP can be 0 on MWCC!
//                * More optimal assignment,== and != operators for static function pointers.

#ifndef FASTDELEGATE_H
#define FASTDELEGATE_H
#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#include <memory.h> // to allow <,> comparisons

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//						Configuration options
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Uncomment the following #define for optimally-sized delegates.
// In this case, the generated asm code is almost identical to the code you'd get
// if the compiler had native support for delegates.
// It will not work on systems where sizeof(dataptr) < sizeof(codeptr). 
// Thus, it will not work for DOS compilers using the medium model.
// It will also probably fail on some DSP systems.
#define FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK

// Uncomment the next line to allow function declarator syntax.
// It is automatically enabled for those compilers where it is known to work.
//#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//						Compiler identification for workarounds
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Compiler identification. It's not easy to identify Visual C++ because
// many vendors fraudulently define Microsoft's identifiers.
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__) && !defined(__VECTOR_C) && !defined(__ICL) && !defined(__BORLANDC__)
#define FASTDLGT_ISMSVC

#if (_MSC_VER <1300) // Many workarounds are required for VC6.
#define FASTDLGT_VC6
#pragma warning(disable:4786) // disable this ridiculous warning
#endif

#endif

// Does the compiler uses Microsoft's member function pointer structure?
// If so, it needs special treatment.
// Metrowerks CodeWarrior, Intel, and CodePlay fraudulently define Microsoft's 
// identifier, _MSC_VER. We need to filter Metrowerks out.
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__)
#define FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP

#if !defined(__VECTOR_C)
// CodePlay doesn't have the __single/multi/virtual_inheritance keywords
#define FASTDLGT_HASINHERITANCE_KEYWORDS
#endif
#endif

// Does it allow function declarator syntax? The following compilers are known to work:
#if defined(FASTDLGT_ISMSVC) && (_MSC_VER >=1310) // VC 7.1
#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
#endif

// Gcc(2.95+), and versions of Digital Mars, Intel and Comeau in common use.
#if defined (__DMC__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__ICL) || defined(__COMO__)
#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
#endif

// It works on Metrowerks MWCC 3.2.2. From boost.Config it should work on earlier ones too.
#if defined (__MWERKS__)
#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
#endif

#ifdef __GNUC__ // Workaround GCC bug #8271 
	// At present, GCC doesn't recognize constness of MFPs in templates
#define FASTDELEGATE_GCC_BUG_8271
#endif



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//						General tricks used in this code
//
// (a) Error messages are generated by typdefing an array of negative size to
//     generate compile-time errors.
// (b) Warning messages on MSVC are generated by declaring unused variables, and
//	    enabling the "variable XXX is never used" warning.
// (c) Unions are used in a few compiler-specific cases to perform illegal casts.
// (d) For Microsoft and Intel, when adjusting the 'this' pointer, it's cast to
//     (char *) first to ensure that the correct number of *bytes* are added.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//						Helper templates
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


namespace fastdelegate {
	namespace detail {	// we'll hide the implementation details in a nested namespace.

		//		implicit_cast< >
		// I believe this was originally going to be in the C++ standard but 
		// was left out by accident. It's even milder than static_cast.
		// I use it instead of static_cast<> to emphasize that I'm not doing
		// anything nasty. 
		// Usage is identical to static_cast<>
		template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
		inline OutputClass implicit_cast(InputClass input) {
			return input;
		}

		//		horrible_cast< >
		// This is truly evil. It completely subverts C++'s type system, allowing you 
		// to cast from any class to any other class. Technically, using a union 
		// to perform the cast is undefined behaviour (even in C). But we can see if
		// it is OK by checking that the union is the same size as each of its members.
		// horrible_cast<> should only be used for compiler-specific workarounds. 
		// Usage is identical to reinterpret_cast<>.

		// This union is declared outside the horrible_cast because BCC 5.5.1
		// can't inline a function with a nested class, and gives a warning.
		template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
		union horrible_union {
			OutputClass out;
			InputClass in;
		};

		template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
		inline OutputClass horrible_cast(const InputClass input) {
			horrible_union<OutputClass, InputClass> u;
			// Cause a compile-time error if in, out and u are not the same size.
			// If the compile fails here, it means the compiler has peculiar
			// unions which would prevent the cast from working.
			typedef int ERROR_CantUseHorrible_cast[sizeof(InputClass) == sizeof(u)
				&& sizeof(InputClass) == sizeof(OutputClass) ? 1 : -1];
			u.in = input;
			return u.out;
		}

		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
		//						Workarounds
		//
		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

		// Backwards compatibility: This macro used to be necessary in the virtual inheritance
		// case for Intel and Microsoft. Now it just forward-declares the class.
#define FASTDELEGATEDECLARE(CLASSNAME)	class CLASSNAME;

// Prevent use of the static function hack with the DOS medium model.
#ifdef __MEDIUM__
#undef FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK
#endif

//			DefaultVoid - a workaround for 'void' templates in VC6.
//
//  (1) VC6 and earlier do not allow 'void' as a default template argument.
//  (2) They also doesn't allow you to return 'void' from a function.
//
// Workaround for (1): Declare a dummy type 'DefaultVoid' which we use
//   when we'd like to use 'void'. We convert it into 'void' and back
//   using the templates DefaultVoidToVoid<> and VoidToDefaultVoid<>.
// Workaround for (2): On VC6, the code for calling a void function is
//   identical to the code for calling a non-void function in which the
//   return value is never used, provided the return value is returned
//   in the EAX register, rather than on the stack. 
//   This is true for most fundamental types such as int, enum, void *.
//   Const void * is the safest option since it doesn't participate 
//   in any automatic conversions. But on a 16-bit compiler it might
//   cause extra code to be generated, so we disable it for all compilers
//   except for VC6 (and VC5).
#ifdef FASTDLGT_VC6
// VC6 workaround
		typedef const void* DefaultVoid;
#else
// On any other compiler, just use a normal void.
		typedef void DefaultVoid;
#endif

		// Translate from 'DefaultVoid' to 'void'.
		// Everything else is unchanged
		template <class T>
		struct DefaultVoidToVoid { typedef T type; };

		template <>
		struct DefaultVoidToVoid<DefaultVoid> { typedef void type; };

		// Translate from 'void' into 'DefaultVoid'
		// Everything else is unchanged
		template <class T>
		struct VoidToDefaultVoid { typedef T type; };

		template <>
		struct VoidToDefaultVoid<void> { typedef DefaultVoid type; };



		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
		//						Fast Delegates, part 1:
		//
		//		Conversion of member function pointer to a standard form
		//
		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

		// GenericClass is a fake class, ONLY used to provide a type.
		// It is vitally important that it is never defined, so that the compiler doesn't
		// think it can optimize the invocation. For example, Borland generates simpler
		// code if it knows the class only uses single inheritance.

		// Compilers using Microsoft's structure need to be treated as a special case.
#ifdef  FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP

#ifdef FASTDLGT_HASINHERITANCE_KEYWORDS
	// For Microsoft and Intel, we want to ensure that it's the most efficient type of MFP 
	// (4 bytes), even when the /vmg option is used. Declaring an empty class 
	// would give 16 byte pointers in this case....
		class __single_inheritance GenericClass;
#endif
		// ...but for Codeplay, an empty class *always* gives 4 byte pointers.
		// If compiled with the /clr option ("managed C++"), the JIT compiler thinks
		// it needs to load GenericClass before it can call any of its functions,
		// (compiles OK but crashes at runtime!), so we need to declare an 
		// empty class to make it happy.
		// Codeplay and VC4 can't cope with the unknown_inheritance case either.
		class GenericClass {};
#else
		class GenericClass;
#endif

		// The size of a single inheritance member function pointer.
		const int SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE = sizeof(void (GenericClass::*)());

		//						SimplifyMemFunc< >::Convert()
		//
		//	A template function that converts an arbitrary member function pointer into the 
		//	simplest possible form of member function pointer, using a supplied 'this' pointer.
		//  According to the standard, this can be done legally with reinterpret_cast<>.
		//	For (non-standard) compilers which use member function pointers which vary in size 
		//  depending on the class, we need to use	knowledge of the internal structure of a 
		//  member function pointer, as used by the compiler. Template specialization is used
		//  to distinguish between the sizes. Because some compilers don't support partial 
		//	template specialisation, I use full specialisation of a wrapper struct.

		// general case -- don't know how to convert it. Force a compile failure
		template <int N>
		struct SimplifyMemFunc {
			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
				// Unsupported member function type -- force a compile failure.
				// (it's illegal to have a array with negative size).
				typedef char ERROR_Unsupported_member_function_pointer_on_this_compiler[N - 100];
				return 0;
			}
		};

		// For compilers where all member func ptrs are the same size, everything goes here.
		// For non-standard compilers, only single_inheritance classes go here.
		template <>
		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE> {
			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
#if defined __DMC__  
				// Digital Mars doesn't allow you to cast between abitrary PMF's, 
				// even though the standard says you can. The 32-bit compiler lets you
				// static_cast through an int, but the DOS compiler doesn't.
				bound_func = horrible_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(function_to_bind);
#else 
				bound_func = reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(function_to_bind);
#endif
				return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(pthis);
			}
		};

		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
		//						Fast Delegates, part 1b:
		//
		//					Workarounds for Microsoft and Intel
		//
		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


		// Compilers with member function pointers which violate the standard (MSVC, Intel, Codeplay),
		// need to be treated as a special case.
#ifdef FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP

// We use unions to perform horrible_casts. I would like to use #pragma pack(push, 1)
// at the start of each function for extra safety, but VC6 seems to ICE
// intermittently if you do this inside a template.

// __multiple_inheritance classes go here
// Nasty hack for Microsoft and Intel (IA32 and Itanium)
		template<>
		struct SimplifyMemFunc< SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + sizeof(int) > {
			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
				// We need to use a horrible_cast to do this conversion.
				// In MSVC, a multiple inheritance member pointer is internally defined as:
				union {
					XFuncType func;
					struct {
						GenericMemFuncType funcaddress; // points to the actual member function
						int delta;	     // #BYTES to be added to the 'this' pointer
					}s;
				} u;
				// Check that the horrible_cast will work
				typedef int ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.s) ? 1 : -1];
				u.func = function_to_bind;
				bound_func = u.s.funcaddress;
				return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pthis) + u.s.delta);
			}
		};

		// virtual inheritance is a real nuisance. It's inefficient and complicated.
		// On MSVC and Intel, there isn't enough information in the pointer itself to
		// enable conversion to a closure pointer. Earlier versions of this code didn't
		// work for all cases, and generated a compile-time error instead.
		// But a very clever hack invented by John M. Dlugosz solves this problem.
		// My code is somewhat different to his: I have no asm code, and I make no 
		// assumptions about the calling convention that is used.

		// In VC++ and ICL, a virtual_inheritance member pointer 
		// is internally defined as:
		struct MicrosoftVirtualMFP {
			void (GenericClass::* codeptr)(); // points to the actual member function
			int delta;		// #bytes to be added to the 'this' pointer
			int vtable_index; // or 0 if no virtual inheritance
		};
		// The CRUCIAL feature of Microsoft/Intel MFPs which we exploit is that the
		// m_codeptr member is *always* called, regardless of the values of the other
		// members. (This is *not* true for other compilers, eg GCC, which obtain the
		// function address from the vtable if a virtual function is being called).
		// Dlugosz's trick is to make the codeptr point to a probe function which
		// returns the 'this' pointer that was used.

		// Define a generic class that uses virtual inheritance.
		// It has a trival member function that returns the value of the 'this' pointer.
		struct GenericVirtualClass : virtual public GenericClass
		{
			typedef GenericVirtualClass* (GenericVirtualClass::* ProbePtrType)();
			GenericVirtualClass* GetThis() { return this; }
		};

		// __virtual_inheritance classes go here
		template <>
		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 2 * sizeof(int) >
		{

			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
				union {
					XFuncType func;
					GenericClass* (X::* ProbeFunc)();
					MicrosoftVirtualMFP s;
				} u;
				u.func = function_to_bind;
				bound_func = reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(u.s.codeptr);
				union {
					GenericVirtualClass::ProbePtrType virtfunc;
					MicrosoftVirtualMFP s;
				} u2;
				// Check that the horrible_cast<>s will work
				typedef int ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.s)
					&& sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.ProbeFunc)
					&& sizeof(u2.virtfunc) == sizeof(u2.s) ? 1 : -1];
				// Unfortunately, taking the address of a MF prevents it from being inlined, so 
				// this next line can't be completely optimised away by the compiler.
				u2.virtfunc = &GenericVirtualClass::GetThis;
				u.s.codeptr = u2.s.codeptr;
				return (pthis->*u.ProbeFunc)();
			}
		};

#if (_MSC_VER <1300)

		// Nasty hack for Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0
		// unknown_inheritance classes go here
		// There is a compiler bug in MSVC6 which generates incorrect code in this case!!
		template <>
		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 3 * sizeof(int) >
		{
			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
				// There is an apalling but obscure compiler bug in MSVC6 and earlier:
				// vtable_index and 'vtordisp' are always set to 0 in the 
				// unknown_inheritance case!
				// This means that an incorrect function could be called!!!
				// Compiling with the /vmg option leads to potentially incorrect code.
				// This is probably the reason that the IDE has a user interface for specifying
				// the /vmg option, but it is disabled -  you can only specify /vmg on 
				// the command line. In VC1.5 and earlier, the compiler would ICE if it ever
				// encountered this situation.
				// It is OK to use the /vmg option if /vmm or /vms is specified.

				// Fortunately, the wrong function is only called in very obscure cases.
				// It only occurs when a derived class overrides a virtual function declared 
				// in a virtual base class, and the member function 
				// points to the *Derived* version of that function. The problem can be
				// completely averted in 100% of cases by using the *Base class* for the 
				// member fpointer. Ie, if you use the base class as an interface, you'll
				// stay out of trouble.
				// Occasionally, you might want to point directly to a derived class function
				// that isn't an override of a base class. In this case, both vtable_index 
				// and 'vtordisp' are zero, but a virtual_inheritance pointer will be generated.
				// We can generate correct code in this case. To prevent an incorrect call from
				// ever being made, on MSVC6 we generate a warning, and call a function to 
				// make the program crash instantly. 
				typedef char ERROR_VC6CompilerBug[-100];
				return 0;
			}
		};


#else 

		// Nasty hack for Microsoft and Intel (IA32 and Itanium)
		// unknown_inheritance classes go here 
		// This is probably the ugliest bit of code I've ever written. Look at the casts!
		// There is a compiler bug in MSVC6 which prevents it from using this code.
		template <>
		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 3 * sizeof(int) >
		{
			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
				// The member function pointer is 16 bytes long. We can't use a normal cast, but
				// we can use a union to do the conversion.
				union {
					XFuncType func;
					// In VC++ and ICL, an unknown_inheritance member pointer 
					// is internally defined as:
					struct {
						GenericMemFuncType m_funcaddress; // points to the actual member function
						int delta;		// #bytes to be added to the 'this' pointer
						int vtordisp;		// #bytes to add to 'this' to find the vtable
						int vtable_index; // or 0 if no virtual inheritance
					} s;
				} u;
				// Check that the horrible_cast will work
				typedef int ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(XFuncType) == sizeof(u.s) ? 1 : -1];
				u.func = function_to_bind;
				bound_func = u.s.funcaddress;
				int virtual_delta = 0;
				if (u.s.vtable_index) { // Virtual inheritance is used
					// First, get to the vtable. 
					// It is 'vtordisp' bytes from the start of the class.
					const int* vtable = *reinterpret_cast<const int* const*>(
						reinterpret_cast<const char*>(pthis) + u.s.vtordisp);

					// 'vtable_index' tells us where in the table we should be looking.
					virtual_delta = u.s.vtordisp + *reinterpret_cast<const int*>(
						reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vtable) + u.s.vtable_index);
				}
				// The int at 'virtual_delta' gives us the amount to add to 'this'.
				// Finally we can add the three components together. Phew!
				return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(
					reinterpret_cast<char*>(pthis) + u.s.delta + virtual_delta);
			};
		};
#endif // MSVC 7 and greater

#endif // MS/Intel hacks

	}  // namespace detail

	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//						Fast Delegates, part 2:
	//
	//	Define the delegate storage, and cope with static functions
	//
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	// DelegateMemento -- an opaque structure which can hold an arbitary delegate.
	// It knows nothing about the calling convention or number of arguments used by
	// the function pointed to.
	// It supplies comparison operators so that it can be stored in STL collections.
	// It cannot be set to anything other than null, nor invoked directly: 
	//   it must be converted to a specific delegate.

	// Implementation:
	// There are two possible implementations: the Safe method and the Evil method.
	//				DelegateMemento - Safe version
	//
	// This implementation is standard-compliant, but a bit tricky.
	// A static function pointer is stored inside the class. 
	// Here are the valid values:
	// +-- Static pointer --+--pThis --+-- pMemFunc-+-- Meaning------+
	// |   0				|  0       |   0        | Empty          |
	// |   !=0              |(dontcare)|  Invoker   | Static function|
	// |   0                |  !=0     |  !=0*      | Method call    |
	// +--------------------+----------+------------+----------------+
	//  * For Metrowerks, this can be 0. (first virtual function in a 
	//       single_inheritance class).
	// When stored stored inside a specific delegate, the 'dontcare' entries are replaced
	// with a reference to the delegate itself. This complicates the = and == operators
	// for the delegate class.

	//				DelegateMemento - Evil version
	//
	// For compilers where data pointers are at least as big as code pointers, it is 
	// possible to store the function pointer in the this pointer, using another 
	// horrible_cast. In this case the DelegateMemento implementation is simple:
	// +--pThis --+-- pMemFunc-+-- Meaning---------------------+
	// |    0     |  0         | Empty                         |
	// |  !=0     |  !=0*      | Static function or method call|
	// +----------+------------+-------------------------------+
	//  * For Metrowerks, this can be 0. (first virtual function in a 
	//       single_inheritance class).
	// Note that the Sun C++ and MSVC documentation explicitly state that they 
	// support static_cast between void * and function pointers.

	class DelegateMemento {
	protected:
		// the data is protected, not private, because many
		// compilers have problems with template friends.
		typedef void (detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFuncType)(); // arbitrary MFP.
		detail::GenericClass* m_pthis;
		GenericMemFuncType m_pFunction;

#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
		typedef void (*GenericFuncPtr)(); // arbitrary code pointer
		GenericFuncPtr m_pStaticFunction;
#endif

	public:
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
		DelegateMemento() : m_pthis(0), m_pFunction(0), m_pStaticFunction(0) {};
		void clear() {
			m_pthis = 0; m_pFunction = 0; m_pStaticFunction = 0;
		}
#else
		DelegateMemento() : m_pthis(0), m_pFunction(0) {};
		void clear() { m_pthis = 0; m_pFunction = 0; }
#endif
	public:
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
		inline bool IsEqual(const DelegateMemento& x) const {
			// We have to cope with the static function pointers as a special case
			if (m_pFunction != x.m_pFunction) return false;
			// the static function ptrs must either both be equal, or both be 0.
			if (m_pStaticFunction != x.m_pStaticFunction) return false;
			if (m_pStaticFunction != 0) return m_pthis == x.m_pthis;
			else return true;
		}
#else // Evil Method
		inline bool IsEqual(const DelegateMemento& x) const {
			return m_pthis == x.m_pthis && m_pFunction == x.m_pFunction;
		}
#endif
		// Provide a strict weak ordering for DelegateMementos.
		inline bool IsLess(const DelegateMemento& right) const {
			// deal with static function pointers first
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
			if (m_pStaticFunction != 0 || right.m_pStaticFunction != 0)
				return m_pStaticFunction < right.m_pStaticFunction;
#endif
			if (m_pthis != right.m_pthis) return m_pthis < right.m_pthis;
			// There are no ordering operators for member function pointers, 
			// but we can fake one by comparing each byte. The resulting ordering is
			// arbitrary (and compiler-dependent), but it permits storage in ordered STL containers.
			return memcmp(&m_pFunction, &right.m_pFunction, sizeof(m_pFunction)) < 0;

		}
		// BUGFIX (Mar 2005):
		// We can't just compare m_pFunction because on Metrowerks,
		// m_pFunction can be zero even if the delegate is not empty!
		inline bool operator ! () const		// Is it bound to anything?
		{
			return m_pthis == 0 && m_pFunction == 0;
		}
		inline bool empty() const		// Is it bound to anything?
		{
			return m_pthis == 0 && m_pFunction == 0;
		}
	public:
		DelegateMemento& operator = (const DelegateMemento& right) {
			SetMementoFrom(right);
			return *this;
		}
		inline bool operator <(const DelegateMemento& right) {
			return IsLess(right);
		}
		inline bool operator >(const DelegateMemento& right) {
			return right.IsLess(*this);
		}
		DelegateMemento(const DelegateMemento& right) :
			m_pFunction(right.m_pFunction), m_pthis(right.m_pthis)
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
			, m_pStaticFunction(right.m_pStaticFunction)
#endif
		{
		}
	protected:
		void SetMementoFrom(const DelegateMemento& right) {
			m_pFunction = right.m_pFunction;
			m_pthis = right.m_pthis;
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
			m_pStaticFunction = right.m_pStaticFunction;
#endif
		}
	};


	//						ClosurePtr<>
	//
	// A private wrapper class that adds function signatures to DelegateMemento.
	// It's the class that does most of the actual work.
	// The signatures are specified by:
	// GenericMemFunc: must be a type of GenericClass member function pointer. 
	// StaticFuncPtr:  must be a type of function pointer with the same signature 
	//                 as GenericMemFunc.
	// UnvoidStaticFuncPtr: is the same as StaticFuncPtr, except on VC6
	//                 where it never returns void (returns DefaultVoid instead).

	// An outer class, FastDelegateN<>, handles the invoking and creates the
	// necessary typedefs.
	// This class does everything else.

	namespace detail {

		template < class GenericMemFunc, class StaticFuncPtr, class UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>
		class ClosurePtr : public DelegateMemento {
		public:
			// These functions are for setting the delegate to a member function.

			// Here's the clever bit: we convert an arbitrary member function into a 
			// standard form. XMemFunc should be a member function of class X, but I can't 
			// enforce that here. It needs to be enforced by the wrapper class.
			template < class X, class XMemFunc >
			inline void bindmemfunc(X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
				m_pthis = SimplifyMemFunc< sizeof(function_to_bind) >
					::Convert(pthis, function_to_bind, m_pFunction);
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
				m_pStaticFunction = 0;
#endif
			}
			// For const member functions, we only need a const class pointer.
			// Since we know that the member function is const, it's safe to 
			// remove the const qualifier from the 'this' pointer with a const_cast.
			// VC6 has problems if we just overload 'bindmemfunc', so we give it a different name.
			template < class X, class XMemFunc>
			inline void bindconstmemfunc(const X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
				m_pthis = SimplifyMemFunc< sizeof(function_to_bind) >
					::Convert(const_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind, m_pFunction);
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
				m_pStaticFunction = 0;
#endif
			}
#ifdef FASTDELEGATE_GCC_BUG_8271	// At present, GCC doesn't recognize constness of MFPs in templates
			template < class X, class XMemFunc>
			inline void bindmemfunc(const X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
				bindconstmemfunc(pthis, function_to_bind);
#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
				m_pStaticFunction = 0;
#endif
			}
#endif
			// These functions are required for invoking the stored function
			inline GenericClass* GetClosureThis() const { return m_pthis; }
			inline GenericMemFunc GetClosureMemPtr() const { return reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFunc>(m_pFunction); }

			// There are a few ways of dealing with static function pointers.
			// There's a standard-compliant, but tricky method.
			// There's also a straightforward hack, that won't work on DOS compilers using the
			// medium memory model. It's so evil that I can't recommend it, but I've
			// implemented it anyway because it produces very nice asm code.

#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)

//				ClosurePtr<> - Safe version
//
// This implementation is standard-compliant, but a bit tricky.
// I store the function pointer inside the class, and the delegate then
// points to itself. Whenever the delegate is copied, these self-references
// must be transformed, and this complicates the = and == operators.
		public:
			// The next two functions are for operator ==, =, and the copy constructor.
			// We may need to convert the m_pthis pointers, so that
			// they remain as self-references.
			template< class DerivedClass >
			inline void CopyFrom(DerivedClass* pParent, const DelegateMemento& x) {
				SetMementoFrom(x);
				if (m_pStaticFunction != 0) {
					// transform self references...
					m_pthis = reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(pParent);
				}
			}
			// For static functions, the 'static_function_invoker' class in the parent 
			// will be called. The parent then needs to call GetStaticFunction() to find out 
			// the actual function to invoke.
			template < class DerivedClass, class ParentInvokerSig >
			inline void bindstaticfunc(DerivedClass* pParent, ParentInvokerSig static_function_invoker,
				StaticFuncPtr function_to_bind) {
				if (function_to_bind == 0) { // cope with assignment to 0
					m_pFunction = 0;
				}
				else {
					bindmemfunc(pParent, static_function_invoker);
				}
				m_pStaticFunction = reinterpret_cast<GenericFuncPtr>(function_to_bind);
			}
			inline UnvoidStaticFuncPtr GetStaticFunction() const {
				return reinterpret_cast<UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>(m_pStaticFunction);
			}
#else

//				ClosurePtr<> - Evil version
//
// For compilers where data pointers are at least as big as code pointers, it is 
// possible to store the function pointer in the this pointer, using another 
// horrible_cast. Invocation isn't any faster, but it saves 4 bytes, and
// speeds up comparison and assignment. If C++ provided direct language support
// for delegates, they would produce asm code that was almost identical to this.
// Note that the Sun C++ and MSVC documentation explicitly state that they 
// support static_cast between void * and function pointers.

			template< class DerivedClass >
			inline void CopyFrom(DerivedClass* pParent, const DelegateMemento& right) {
				SetMementoFrom(right);
			}
			// For static functions, the 'static_function_invoker' class in the parent 
			// will be called. The parent then needs to call GetStaticFunction() to find out 
			// the actual function to invoke.
			// ******** EVIL, EVIL CODE! *******
			template < 	class DerivedClass, class ParentInvokerSig>
			inline void bindstaticfunc(DerivedClass* pParent, ParentInvokerSig static_function_invoker,
				StaticFuncPtr function_to_bind) {
				if (function_to_bind == 0) { // cope with assignment to 0
					m_pFunction = 0;
				}
				else {
					// We'll be ignoring the 'this' pointer, but we need to make sure we pass
					// a valid value to bindmemfunc().
					bindmemfunc(pParent, static_function_invoker);
				}

				// WARNING! Evil hack. We store the function in the 'this' pointer!
				// Ensure that there's a compilation failure if function pointers 
				// and data pointers have different sizes.
				// If you get this error, you need to #undef FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK.
				typedef int ERROR_CantUseEvilMethod[sizeof(GenericClass*) == sizeof(function_to_bind) ? 1 : -1];
				m_pthis = horrible_cast<GenericClass*>(function_to_bind);
				// MSVC, SunC++ and DMC accept the following (non-standard) code:
		//		m_pthis = static_cast<GenericClass *>(static_cast<void *>(function_to_bind));
				// BCC32, Comeau and DMC accept this method. MSVC7.1 needs __int64 instead of long
		//		m_pthis = reinterpret_cast<GenericClass *>(reinterpret_cast<long>(function_to_bind));
			}
			// ******** EVIL, EVIL CODE! *******
			// This function will be called with an invalid 'this' pointer!!
			// We're just returning the 'this' pointer, converted into
			// a function pointer!
			inline UnvoidStaticFuncPtr GetStaticFunction() const {
				// Ensure that there's a compilation failure if function pointers 
				// and data pointers have different sizes.
				// If you get this error, you need to #undef FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK.
				typedef int ERROR_CantUseEvilMethod[sizeof(UnvoidStaticFuncPtr) == sizeof(this) ? 1 : -1];
				return horrible_cast<UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>(this);
			}
#endif // !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)

			// Does the closure contain this static function?
			inline bool IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(StaticFuncPtr funcptr) {
				if (funcptr == 0) return empty();
				// For the Evil method, if it doesn't actually contain a static function, this will return an arbitrary
				// value that is not equal to any valid function pointer.
				else return funcptr == reinterpret_cast<StaticFuncPtr>(GetStaticFunction());
			}
		};


	} // namespace detail

	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//						Fast Delegates, part 3:
	//
	//				Wrapper classes to ensure type safety
	//
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


	// Once we have the member function conversion templates, it's easy to make the
	// wrapper classes. So that they will work with as many compilers as possible, 
	// the classes are of the form
	//   FastDelegate3<int, char *, double>
	// They can cope with any combination of parameters. The max number of parameters
	// allowed is 8, but it is trivial to increase this limit.
	// Note that we need to treat const member functions seperately.
	// All this class does is to enforce type safety, and invoke the delegate with
	// the correct list of parameters.

	// Because of the weird rule about the class of derived member function pointers,
	// you sometimes need to apply a downcast to the 'this' pointer.
	// This is the reason for the use of "implicit_cast<X*>(pthis)" in the code below. 
	// If CDerivedClass is derived from CBaseClass, but doesn't override SimpleVirtualFunction,
	// without this trick you'd need to write:
	//		MyDelegate(static_cast<CBaseClass *>(&d), &CDerivedClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
	// but with the trick you can write
	//		MyDelegate(&d, &CDerivedClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);

	// RetType is the type the compiler uses in compiling the template. For VC6,
	// it cannot be void. DesiredRetType is the real type which is returned from
	// all of the functions. It can be void.

	// Implicit conversion to "bool" is achieved using the safe_bool idiom,
	// using member data pointers (MDP). This allows "if (dg)..." syntax
	// Because some compilers (eg codeplay) don't have a unique value for a zero
	// MDP, an extra padding member is added to the SafeBool struct.
	// Some compilers (eg VC6) won't implicitly convert from 0 to an MDP, so
	// in that case the static function constructor is not made explicit; this
	// allows "if (dg==0) ..." to compile.

	//N=0
	template<class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate0 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)();
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)();
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)();
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate0 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate0() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate0(const FastDelegate0& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate0& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate0(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)()) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)()) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate0(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)() const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)() const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate0(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)()) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)()) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)()) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate0::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() () const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))();
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction() const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))();
		}
	};

	//N=1
	template<class Param1, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate1 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate1 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate1() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate1(const FastDelegate1& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate1& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate1(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate1(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate1(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate1::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1);
		}
	};

	//N=2
	template<class Param1, class Param2, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate2 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate2 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate2() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate2(const FastDelegate2& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate2& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate2(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate2(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate2(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate2::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2);
		}
	};

	//N=3
	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate3 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate3 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate3() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate3(const FastDelegate3& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate3& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate3(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate3(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate3(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate3::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3);
		}
	};

	//N=4
	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate4 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate4 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate4() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate4(const FastDelegate4& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate4& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate4(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate4(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate4(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate4::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4);
		}
	};

	//N=5
	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate5 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate5 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate5() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate5(const FastDelegate5& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate5& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate5(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate5(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate5(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate5::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
		}
	};

	//N=6
	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate6 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate6 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate6() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate6(const FastDelegate6& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate6& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate6(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate6(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate6(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate6::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
		}
	};

	//N=7
	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate7 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate7 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate7() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate7(const FastDelegate7& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate7& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate7(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate7(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate7(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate7::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
		}
	};

	//N=8
	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
	class FastDelegate8 {
	private:
		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
		ClosureType m_Closure;
	public:
		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
		typedef FastDelegate8 type;

		// Construction and comparison functions
		FastDelegate8() { clear(); }
		FastDelegate8(const FastDelegate8& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		void operator = (const FastDelegate8& x) {
			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator <(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
		}
		bool operator >(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
		}
		// Binding to non-const member functions
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate8(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Binding to const member functions.
		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate8(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		template < class X, class Y >
		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const) {
			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
		}
		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
		FastDelegate8(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
			bind(function_to_bind);
		}
		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate8::InvokeStaticFunction,
				function_to_bind);
		}
		// Invoke the delegate
		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const {
			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8);
		}
		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
	private:
		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
		} UselessTypedef;
		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
	public:
		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
		}
		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
		}
		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		inline bool empty() const {
			return !m_Closure;
		}
		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }

	private:	// Invoker for static functions
		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const {
			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8);
		}
	};


	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//						Fast Delegates, part 4:
	// 
	//				FastDelegate<> class (Original author: Jody Hagins)
	//	Allows boost::function style syntax like:
	//			FastDelegate< double (int, long) >
	// instead of:
	//			FastDelegate2< int, long, double >
	//
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifdef FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX

// Declare FastDelegate as a class template.  It will be specialized
// later for all number of arguments.
	template <typename Signature>
	class FastDelegate;

	//N=0
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R (  ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate0 < R >
	template<typename R>
	class FastDelegate< R() >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate0 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate0
		: public FastDelegate0 < R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate0 < R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)())
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)() const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)())
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=1
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate1 < Param1, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate1 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate1
		: public FastDelegate1 < Param1, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate1 < Param1, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=2
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate2 < Param1, Param2, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate2 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate2
		: public FastDelegate2 < Param1, Param2, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate2 < Param1, Param2, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=3
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate3 < Param1, Param2, Param3, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate3 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate3
		: public FastDelegate3 < Param1, Param2, Param3, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate3 < Param1, Param2, Param3, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=4
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate4 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate4 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate4
		: public FastDelegate4 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate4 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=5
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate5 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate5 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate5
		: public FastDelegate5 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate5 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=6
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate6 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate6 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate6
		: public FastDelegate6 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate6 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=7
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate7 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate7 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate7
		: public FastDelegate7 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate7 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};

	//N=8
	// Specialization to allow use of
	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8 ) >
	// instead of 
	// FastDelegate8 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, R >
	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8>
	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8) >
		// Inherit from FastDelegate8 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate8
		: public FastDelegate8 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, R >
	{
	public:
		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
		typedef FastDelegate8 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, R > BaseType;

		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;

		// Mimic the base class constructors.
		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8))
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
		}

		template < class X, class Y >
		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const)
			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
		{
		}

		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8))
			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
		}
		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
		}
	};


#endif //FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX

	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//						Fast Delegates, part 5:
	//
	//				MakeDelegate() helper function
	//
	//			MakeDelegate(&x, &X::func) returns a fastdelegate of the type
	//			necessary for calling x.func() with the correct number of arguments.
	//			This makes it possible to eliminate many typedefs from user code.
	//
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	// Also declare overloads of a MakeDelegate() global function to 
	// reduce the need for typedefs.
	// We need seperate overloads for const and non-const member functions.
	// Also, because of the weird rule about the class of derived member function pointers,
	// implicit downcasts may need to be applied later to the 'this' pointer.
	// That's why two classes (X and Y) appear in the definitions. Y must be implicitly
	// castable to X.

	// Workaround for VC6. VC6 needs void return types converted into DefaultVoid.
	// GCC 3.2 and later won't compile this unless it's preceded by 'typename',
	// but VC6 doesn't allow 'typename' in this context.
	// So, I have to use a macro.

#ifdef FASTDLGT_VC6
#define FASTDLGT_RETTYPE detail::VoidToDefaultVoid<RetType>::type
#else 
#define FASTDLGT_RETTYPE RetType
#endif

//N=0
	template <class X, class Y, class RetType>
	FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)()) {
		return FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class RetType>
	FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)() const) {
		return FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=1
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class RetType>
	FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1)) {
		return FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class RetType>
	FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1) const) {
		return FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=2
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class RetType>
	FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
		return FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class RetType>
	FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const) {
		return FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=3
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class RetType>
	FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
		return FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class RetType>
	FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const) {
		return FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=4
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class RetType>
	FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
		return FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class RetType>
	FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const) {
		return FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=5
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class RetType>
	FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
		return FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class RetType>
	FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const) {
		return FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=6
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class RetType>
	FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
		return FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class RetType>
	FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const) {
		return FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=7
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class RetType>
	FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
		return FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class RetType>
	FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const) {
		return FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	//N=8
	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8, class RetType>
	FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
		return FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}

	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8, class RetType>
	FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const) {
		return FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
	}


	// clean up after ourselves...
#undef FASTDLGT_RETTYPE

} // namespace fastdelegate

#endif // !defined(FASTDELEGATE_H)