C++ Delegates/.vs/C++ Delegates/v17/DocumentLayout.backup.json

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C++ Delegates/.vs/C++ Delegates/v17/DocumentLayout.json

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C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates.sln

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+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
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+EndProject
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C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates.cpp

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+// C++ Delegates.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
+//
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
+}
+
+// Run program: Ctrl + F5 or Debug > Start Without Debugging menu
+// Debug program: F5 or Debug > Start Debugging menu
+
+// Tips for Getting Started: 
+//   1. Use the Solution Explorer window to add/manage files
+//   2. Use the Team Explorer window to connect to source control
+//   3. Use the Output window to see build output and other messages
+//   4. Use the Error List window to view errors
+//   5. Go to Project > Add New Item to create new code files, or Project > Add Existing Item to add existing code files to the project
+//   6. In the future, to open this project again, go to File > Open > Project and select the .sln file

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates.vcxproj

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C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates.vcxproj.filters

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C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates.vcxproj.user

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C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/FastDelegate.h

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+#pragma once
+//						FastDelegate.h 
+//	Efficient delegates in C++ that generate only two lines of asm code!
+//  Documentation is found at http://www.codeproject.com/cpp/FastDelegate.asp
+//
+//						- Don Clugston, Mar 2004.
+//		Major contributions were made by Jody Hagins.
+// History:
+// 24-Apr-04 1.0  * Submitted to CodeProject. 
+// 28-Apr-04 1.1  * Prevent most unsafe uses of evil static function hack.
+//				  * Improved syntax for horrible_cast (thanks Paul Bludov).
+//				  * Tested on Metrowerks MWCC and Intel ICL (IA32)
+//				  * Compiled, but not run, on Comeau C++ and Intel Itanium ICL.
+//	27-Jun-04 1.2 * Now works on Borland C++ Builder 5.5
+//				  * Now works on /clr "managed C++" code on VC7, VC7.1
+//				  * Comeau C++ now compiles without warnings.
+//				  * Prevent the virtual inheritance case from being used on 
+//					  VC6 and earlier, which generate incorrect code.
+//				  * Improved warning and error messages. Non-standard hacks
+//					 now have compile-time checks to make them safer.
+//				  * implicit_cast used instead of static_cast in many cases.
+//				  * If calling a const member function, a const class pointer can be used.
+//				  * MakeDelegate() global helper function added to simplify pass-by-value.
+//				  * Added fastdelegate.clear()
+// 16-Jul-04 1.2.1* Workaround for gcc bug (const member function pointers in templates)
+// 30-Oct-04 1.3  * Support for (non-void) return values.
+//				  * No more workarounds in client code!
+//					 MSVC and Intel now use a clever hack invented by John Dlugosz:
+//				     - The FASTDELEGATEDECLARE workaround is no longer necessary.
+//					 - No more warning messages for VC6
+//				  * Less use of macros. Error messages should be more comprehensible.
+//				  * Added include guards
+//				  * Added FastDelegate::empty() to test if invocation is safe (Thanks Neville Franks).
+//				  * Now tested on VS 2005 Express Beta, PGI C++
+// 24-Dec-04 1.4  * Added DelegateMemento, to allow collections of disparate delegates.
+//                * <,>,<=,>= comparison operators to allow storage in ordered containers.
+//				  * Substantial reduction of code size, especially the 'Closure' class.
+//				  * Standardised all the compiler-specific workarounds.
+//                * MFP conversion now works for CodePlay (but not yet supported in the full code).
+//                * Now compiles without warnings on _any_ supported compiler, including BCC 5.5.1
+//				  * New syntax: FastDelegate< int (char *, double) >. 
+// 14-Feb-05 1.4.1* Now treats =0 as equivalent to .clear(), ==0 as equivalent to .empty(). (Thanks elfric).
+//				  * Now tested on Intel ICL for AMD64, VS2005 Beta for AMD64 and Itanium.
+// 30-Mar-05 1.5  * Safebool idiom: "if (dg)" is now equivalent to "if (!dg.empty())"
+//				  * Fully supported by CodePlay VectorC
+//                * Bugfix for Metrowerks: empty() was buggy because a valid MFP can be 0 on MWCC!
+//                * More optimal assignment,== and != operators for static function pointers.
+
+#ifndef FASTDELEGATE_H
+#define FASTDELEGATE_H
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
+
+#include <memory.h> // to allow <,> comparisons
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//						Configuration options
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Uncomment the following #define for optimally-sized delegates.
+// In this case, the generated asm code is almost identical to the code you'd get
+// if the compiler had native support for delegates.
+// It will not work on systems where sizeof(dataptr) < sizeof(codeptr). 
+// Thus, it will not work for DOS compilers using the medium model.
+// It will also probably fail on some DSP systems.
+#define FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK
+
+// Uncomment the next line to allow function declarator syntax.
+// It is automatically enabled for those compilers where it is known to work.
+//#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//						Compiler identification for workarounds
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Compiler identification. It's not easy to identify Visual C++ because
+// many vendors fraudulently define Microsoft's identifiers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__) && !defined(__VECTOR_C) && !defined(__ICL) && !defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#define FASTDLGT_ISMSVC
+
+#if (_MSC_VER <1300) // Many workarounds are required for VC6.
+#define FASTDLGT_VC6
+#pragma warning(disable:4786) // disable this ridiculous warning
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+// Does the compiler uses Microsoft's member function pointer structure?
+// If so, it needs special treatment.
+// Metrowerks CodeWarrior, Intel, and CodePlay fraudulently define Microsoft's 
+// identifier, _MSC_VER. We need to filter Metrowerks out.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__)
+#define FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP
+
+#if !defined(__VECTOR_C)
+// CodePlay doesn't have the __single/multi/virtual_inheritance keywords
+#define FASTDLGT_HASINHERITANCE_KEYWORDS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// Does it allow function declarator syntax? The following compilers are known to work:
+#if defined(FASTDLGT_ISMSVC) && (_MSC_VER >=1310) // VC 7.1
+#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+#endif
+
+// Gcc(2.95+), and versions of Digital Mars, Intel and Comeau in common use.
+#if defined (__DMC__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__ICL) || defined(__COMO__)
+#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+#endif
+
+// It works on Metrowerks MWCC 3.2.2. From boost.Config it should work on earlier ones too.
+#if defined (__MWERKS__)
+#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__ // Workaround GCC bug #8271 
+	// At present, GCC doesn't recognize constness of MFPs in templates
+#define FASTDELEGATE_GCC_BUG_8271
+#endif
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//						General tricks used in this code
+//
+// (a) Error messages are generated by typdefing an array of negative size to
+//     generate compile-time errors.
+// (b) Warning messages on MSVC are generated by declaring unused variables, and
+//	    enabling the "variable XXX is never used" warning.
+// (c) Unions are used in a few compiler-specific cases to perform illegal casts.
+// (d) For Microsoft and Intel, when adjusting the 'this' pointer, it's cast to
+//     (char *) first to ensure that the correct number of *bytes* are added.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//						Helper templates
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+namespace fastdelegate {
+	namespace detail {	// we'll hide the implementation details in a nested namespace.
+
+		//		implicit_cast< >
+		// I believe this was originally going to be in the C++ standard but 
+		// was left out by accident. It's even milder than static_cast.
+		// I use it instead of static_cast<> to emphasize that I'm not doing
+		// anything nasty. 
+		// Usage is identical to static_cast<>
+		template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
+		inline OutputClass implicit_cast(InputClass input) {
+			return input;
+		}
+
+		//		horrible_cast< >
+		// This is truly evil. It completely subverts C++'s type system, allowing you 
+		// to cast from any class to any other class. Technically, using a union 
+		// to perform the cast is undefined behaviour (even in C). But we can see if
+		// it is OK by checking that the union is the same size as each of its members.
+		// horrible_cast<> should only be used for compiler-specific workarounds. 
+		// Usage is identical to reinterpret_cast<>.
+
+		// This union is declared outside the horrible_cast because BCC 5.5.1
+		// can't inline a function with a nested class, and gives a warning.
+		template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
+		union horrible_union {
+			OutputClass out;
+			InputClass in;
+		};
+
+		template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
+		inline OutputClass horrible_cast(const InputClass input) {
+			horrible_union<OutputClass, InputClass> u;
+			// Cause a compile-time error if in, out and u are not the same size.
+			// If the compile fails here, it means the compiler has peculiar
+			// unions which would prevent the cast from working.
+			typedef int ERROR_CantUseHorrible_cast[sizeof(InputClass) == sizeof(u)
+				&& sizeof(InputClass) == sizeof(OutputClass) ? 1 : -1];
+			u.in = input;
+			return u.out;
+		}
+
+		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+		//						Workarounds
+		//
+		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+		// Backwards compatibility: This macro used to be necessary in the virtual inheritance
+		// case for Intel and Microsoft. Now it just forward-declares the class.
+#define FASTDELEGATEDECLARE(CLASSNAME)	class CLASSNAME;
+
+// Prevent use of the static function hack with the DOS medium model.
+#ifdef __MEDIUM__
+#undef FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK
+#endif
+
+//			DefaultVoid - a workaround for 'void' templates in VC6.
+//
+//  (1) VC6 and earlier do not allow 'void' as a default template argument.
+//  (2) They also doesn't allow you to return 'void' from a function.
+//
+// Workaround for (1): Declare a dummy type 'DefaultVoid' which we use
+//   when we'd like to use 'void'. We convert it into 'void' and back
+//   using the templates DefaultVoidToVoid<> and VoidToDefaultVoid<>.
+// Workaround for (2): On VC6, the code for calling a void function is
+//   identical to the code for calling a non-void function in which the
+//   return value is never used, provided the return value is returned
+//   in the EAX register, rather than on the stack. 
+//   This is true for most fundamental types such as int, enum, void *.
+//   Const void * is the safest option since it doesn't participate 
+//   in any automatic conversions. But on a 16-bit compiler it might
+//   cause extra code to be generated, so we disable it for all compilers
+//   except for VC6 (and VC5).
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_VC6
+// VC6 workaround
+		typedef const void* DefaultVoid;
+#else
+// On any other compiler, just use a normal void.
+		typedef void DefaultVoid;
+#endif
+
+		// Translate from 'DefaultVoid' to 'void'.
+		// Everything else is unchanged
+		template <class T>
+		struct DefaultVoidToVoid { typedef T type; };
+
+		template <>
+		struct DefaultVoidToVoid<DefaultVoid> { typedef void type; };
+
+		// Translate from 'void' into 'DefaultVoid'
+		// Everything else is unchanged
+		template <class T>
+		struct VoidToDefaultVoid { typedef T type; };
+
+		template <>
+		struct VoidToDefaultVoid<void> { typedef DefaultVoid type; };
+
+
+
+		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+		//						Fast Delegates, part 1:
+		//
+		//		Conversion of member function pointer to a standard form
+		//
+		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+		// GenericClass is a fake class, ONLY used to provide a type.
+		// It is vitally important that it is never defined, so that the compiler doesn't
+		// think it can optimize the invocation. For example, Borland generates simpler
+		// code if it knows the class only uses single inheritance.
+
+		// Compilers using Microsoft's structure need to be treated as a special case.
+#ifdef  FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP
+
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_HASINHERITANCE_KEYWORDS
+	// For Microsoft and Intel, we want to ensure that it's the most efficient type of MFP 
+	// (4 bytes), even when the /vmg option is used. Declaring an empty class 
+	// would give 16 byte pointers in this case....
+		class __single_inheritance GenericClass;
+#endif
+		// ...but for Codeplay, an empty class *always* gives 4 byte pointers.
+		// If compiled with the /clr option ("managed C++"), the JIT compiler thinks
+		// it needs to load GenericClass before it can call any of its functions,
+		// (compiles OK but crashes at runtime!), so we need to declare an 
+		// empty class to make it happy.
+		// Codeplay and VC4 can't cope with the unknown_inheritance case either.
+		class GenericClass {};
+#else
+		class GenericClass;
+#endif
+
+		// The size of a single inheritance member function pointer.
+		const int SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE = sizeof(void (GenericClass::*)());
+
+		//						SimplifyMemFunc< >::Convert()
+		//
+		//	A template function that converts an arbitrary member function pointer into the 
+		//	simplest possible form of member function pointer, using a supplied 'this' pointer.
+		//  According to the standard, this can be done legally with reinterpret_cast<>.
+		//	For (non-standard) compilers which use member function pointers which vary in size 
+		//  depending on the class, we need to use	knowledge of the internal structure of a 
+		//  member function pointer, as used by the compiler. Template specialization is used
+		//  to distinguish between the sizes. Because some compilers don't support partial 
+		//	template specialisation, I use full specialisation of a wrapper struct.
+
+		// general case -- don't know how to convert it. Force a compile failure
+		template <int N>
+		struct SimplifyMemFunc {
+			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+				// Unsupported member function type -- force a compile failure.
+				// (it's illegal to have a array with negative size).
+				typedef char ERROR_Unsupported_member_function_pointer_on_this_compiler[N - 100];
+				return 0;
+			}
+		};
+
+		// For compilers where all member func ptrs are the same size, everything goes here.
+		// For non-standard compilers, only single_inheritance classes go here.
+		template <>
+		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE> {
+			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+#if defined __DMC__  
+				// Digital Mars doesn't allow you to cast between abitrary PMF's, 
+				// even though the standard says you can. The 32-bit compiler lets you
+				// static_cast through an int, but the DOS compiler doesn't.
+				bound_func = horrible_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(function_to_bind);
+#else 
+				bound_func = reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(function_to_bind);
+#endif
+				return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(pthis);
+			}
+		};
+
+		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+		//						Fast Delegates, part 1b:
+		//
+		//					Workarounds for Microsoft and Intel
+		//
+		////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+		// Compilers with member function pointers which violate the standard (MSVC, Intel, Codeplay),
+		// need to be treated as a special case.
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP
+
+// We use unions to perform horrible_casts. I would like to use #pragma pack(push, 1)
+// at the start of each function for extra safety, but VC6 seems to ICE
+// intermittently if you do this inside a template.
+
+// __multiple_inheritance classes go here
+// Nasty hack for Microsoft and Intel (IA32 and Itanium)
+		template<>
+		struct SimplifyMemFunc< SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + sizeof(int) > {
+			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+				// We need to use a horrible_cast to do this conversion.
+				// In MSVC, a multiple inheritance member pointer is internally defined as:
+				union {
+					XFuncType func;
+					struct {
+						GenericMemFuncType funcaddress; // points to the actual member function
+						int delta;	     // #BYTES to be added to the 'this' pointer
+					}s;
+				} u;
+				// Check that the horrible_cast will work
+				typedef int ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.s) ? 1 : -1];
+				u.func = function_to_bind;
+				bound_func = u.s.funcaddress;
+				return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pthis) + u.s.delta);
+			}
+		};
+
+		// virtual inheritance is a real nuisance. It's inefficient and complicated.
+		// On MSVC and Intel, there isn't enough information in the pointer itself to
+		// enable conversion to a closure pointer. Earlier versions of this code didn't
+		// work for all cases, and generated a compile-time error instead.
+		// But a very clever hack invented by John M. Dlugosz solves this problem.
+		// My code is somewhat different to his: I have no asm code, and I make no 
+		// assumptions about the calling convention that is used.
+
+		// In VC++ and ICL, a virtual_inheritance member pointer 
+		// is internally defined as:
+		struct MicrosoftVirtualMFP {
+			void (GenericClass::* codeptr)(); // points to the actual member function
+			int delta;		// #bytes to be added to the 'this' pointer
+			int vtable_index; // or 0 if no virtual inheritance
+		};
+		// The CRUCIAL feature of Microsoft/Intel MFPs which we exploit is that the
+		// m_codeptr member is *always* called, regardless of the values of the other
+		// members. (This is *not* true for other compilers, eg GCC, which obtain the
+		// function address from the vtable if a virtual function is being called).
+		// Dlugosz's trick is to make the codeptr point to a probe function which
+		// returns the 'this' pointer that was used.
+
+		// Define a generic class that uses virtual inheritance.
+		// It has a trival member function that returns the value of the 'this' pointer.
+		struct GenericVirtualClass : virtual public GenericClass
+		{
+			typedef GenericVirtualClass* (GenericVirtualClass::* ProbePtrType)();
+			GenericVirtualClass* GetThis() { return this; }
+		};
+
+		// __virtual_inheritance classes go here
+		template <>
+		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 2 * sizeof(int) >
+		{
+
+			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+				union {
+					XFuncType func;
+					GenericClass* (X::* ProbeFunc)();
+					MicrosoftVirtualMFP s;
+				} u;
+				u.func = function_to_bind;
+				bound_func = reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(u.s.codeptr);
+				union {
+					GenericVirtualClass::ProbePtrType virtfunc;
+					MicrosoftVirtualMFP s;
+				} u2;
+				// Check that the horrible_cast<>s will work
+				typedef int ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.s)
+					&& sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.ProbeFunc)
+					&& sizeof(u2.virtfunc) == sizeof(u2.s) ? 1 : -1];
+				// Unfortunately, taking the address of a MF prevents it from being inlined, so 
+				// this next line can't be completely optimised away by the compiler.
+				u2.virtfunc = &GenericVirtualClass::GetThis;
+				u.s.codeptr = u2.s.codeptr;
+				return (pthis->*u.ProbeFunc)();
+			}
+		};
+
+#if (_MSC_VER <1300)
+
+		// Nasty hack for Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0
+		// unknown_inheritance classes go here
+		// There is a compiler bug in MSVC6 which generates incorrect code in this case!!
+		template <>
+		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 3 * sizeof(int) >
+		{
+			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+				// There is an apalling but obscure compiler bug in MSVC6 and earlier:
+				// vtable_index and 'vtordisp' are always set to 0 in the 
+				// unknown_inheritance case!
+				// This means that an incorrect function could be called!!!
+				// Compiling with the /vmg option leads to potentially incorrect code.
+				// This is probably the reason that the IDE has a user interface for specifying
+				// the /vmg option, but it is disabled -  you can only specify /vmg on 
+				// the command line. In VC1.5 and earlier, the compiler would ICE if it ever
+				// encountered this situation.
+				// It is OK to use the /vmg option if /vmm or /vms is specified.
+
+				// Fortunately, the wrong function is only called in very obscure cases.
+				// It only occurs when a derived class overrides a virtual function declared 
+				// in a virtual base class, and the member function 
+				// points to the *Derived* version of that function. The problem can be
+				// completely averted in 100% of cases by using the *Base class* for the 
+				// member fpointer. Ie, if you use the base class as an interface, you'll
+				// stay out of trouble.
+				// Occasionally, you might want to point directly to a derived class function
+				// that isn't an override of a base class. In this case, both vtable_index 
+				// and 'vtordisp' are zero, but a virtual_inheritance pointer will be generated.
+				// We can generate correct code in this case. To prevent an incorrect call from
+				// ever being made, on MSVC6 we generate a warning, and call a function to 
+				// make the program crash instantly. 
+				typedef char ERROR_VC6CompilerBug[-100];
+				return 0;
+			}
+		};
+
+
+#else 
+
+		// Nasty hack for Microsoft and Intel (IA32 and Itanium)
+		// unknown_inheritance classes go here 
+		// This is probably the ugliest bit of code I've ever written. Look at the casts!
+		// There is a compiler bug in MSVC6 which prevents it from using this code.
+		template <>
+		struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 3 * sizeof(int) >
+		{
+			template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+			inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+				GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+				// The member function pointer is 16 bytes long. We can't use a normal cast, but
+				// we can use a union to do the conversion.
+				union {
+					XFuncType func;
+					// In VC++ and ICL, an unknown_inheritance member pointer 
+					// is internally defined as:
+					struct {
+						GenericMemFuncType m_funcaddress; // points to the actual member function
+						int delta;		// #bytes to be added to the 'this' pointer
+						int vtordisp;		// #bytes to add to 'this' to find the vtable
+						int vtable_index; // or 0 if no virtual inheritance
+					} s;
+				} u;
+				// Check that the horrible_cast will work
+				typedef int ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(XFuncType) == sizeof(u.s) ? 1 : -1];
+				u.func = function_to_bind;
+				bound_func = u.s.funcaddress;
+				int virtual_delta = 0;
+				if (u.s.vtable_index) { // Virtual inheritance is used
+					// First, get to the vtable. 
+					// It is 'vtordisp' bytes from the start of the class.
+					const int* vtable = *reinterpret_cast<const int* const*>(
+						reinterpret_cast<const char*>(pthis) + u.s.vtordisp);
+
+					// 'vtable_index' tells us where in the table we should be looking.
+					virtual_delta = u.s.vtordisp + *reinterpret_cast<const int*>(
+						reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vtable) + u.s.vtable_index);
+				}
+				// The int at 'virtual_delta' gives us the amount to add to 'this'.
+				// Finally we can add the three components together. Phew!
+				return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(
+					reinterpret_cast<char*>(pthis) + u.s.delta + virtual_delta);
+			};
+		};
+#endif // MSVC 7 and greater
+
+#endif // MS/Intel hacks
+
+	}  // namespace detail
+
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+	//						Fast Delegates, part 2:
+	//
+	//	Define the delegate storage, and cope with static functions
+	//
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+	// DelegateMemento -- an opaque structure which can hold an arbitary delegate.
+	// It knows nothing about the calling convention or number of arguments used by
+	// the function pointed to.
+	// It supplies comparison operators so that it can be stored in STL collections.
+	// It cannot be set to anything other than null, nor invoked directly: 
+	//   it must be converted to a specific delegate.
+
+	// Implementation:
+	// There are two possible implementations: the Safe method and the Evil method.
+	//				DelegateMemento - Safe version
+	//
+	// This implementation is standard-compliant, but a bit tricky.
+	// A static function pointer is stored inside the class. 
+	// Here are the valid values:
+	// +-- Static pointer --+--pThis --+-- pMemFunc-+-- Meaning------+
+	// |   0				|  0       |   0        | Empty          |
+	// |   !=0              |(dontcare)|  Invoker   | Static function|
+	// |   0                |  !=0     |  !=0*      | Method call    |
+	// +--------------------+----------+------------+----------------+
+	//  * For Metrowerks, this can be 0. (first virtual function in a 
+	//       single_inheritance class).
+	// When stored stored inside a specific delegate, the 'dontcare' entries are replaced
+	// with a reference to the delegate itself. This complicates the = and == operators
+	// for the delegate class.
+
+	//				DelegateMemento - Evil version
+	//
+	// For compilers where data pointers are at least as big as code pointers, it is 
+	// possible to store the function pointer in the this pointer, using another 
+	// horrible_cast. In this case the DelegateMemento implementation is simple:
+	// +--pThis --+-- pMemFunc-+-- Meaning---------------------+
+	// |    0     |  0         | Empty                         |
+	// |  !=0     |  !=0*      | Static function or method call|
+	// +----------+------------+-------------------------------+
+	//  * For Metrowerks, this can be 0. (first virtual function in a 
+	//       single_inheritance class).
+	// Note that the Sun C++ and MSVC documentation explicitly state that they 
+	// support static_cast between void * and function pointers.
+
+	class DelegateMemento {
+	protected:
+		// the data is protected, not private, because many
+		// compilers have problems with template friends.
+		typedef void (detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFuncType)(); // arbitrary MFP.
+		detail::GenericClass* m_pthis;
+		GenericMemFuncType m_pFunction;
+
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+		typedef void (*GenericFuncPtr)(); // arbitrary code pointer
+		GenericFuncPtr m_pStaticFunction;
+#endif
+
+	public:
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+		DelegateMemento() : m_pthis(0), m_pFunction(0), m_pStaticFunction(0) {};
+		void clear() {
+			m_pthis = 0; m_pFunction = 0; m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+		}
+#else
+		DelegateMemento() : m_pthis(0), m_pFunction(0) {};
+		void clear() { m_pthis = 0; m_pFunction = 0; }
+#endif
+	public:
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+		inline bool IsEqual(const DelegateMemento& x) const {
+			// We have to cope with the static function pointers as a special case
+			if (m_pFunction != x.m_pFunction) return false;
+			// the static function ptrs must either both be equal, or both be 0.
+			if (m_pStaticFunction != x.m_pStaticFunction) return false;
+			if (m_pStaticFunction != 0) return m_pthis == x.m_pthis;
+			else return true;
+		}
+#else // Evil Method
+		inline bool IsEqual(const DelegateMemento& x) const {
+			return m_pthis == x.m_pthis && m_pFunction == x.m_pFunction;
+		}
+#endif
+		// Provide a strict weak ordering for DelegateMementos.
+		inline bool IsLess(const DelegateMemento& right) const {
+			// deal with static function pointers first
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+			if (m_pStaticFunction != 0 || right.m_pStaticFunction != 0)
+				return m_pStaticFunction < right.m_pStaticFunction;
+#endif
+			if (m_pthis != right.m_pthis) return m_pthis < right.m_pthis;
+			// There are no ordering operators for member function pointers, 
+			// but we can fake one by comparing each byte. The resulting ordering is
+			// arbitrary (and compiler-dependent), but it permits storage in ordered STL containers.
+			return memcmp(&m_pFunction, &right.m_pFunction, sizeof(m_pFunction)) < 0;
+
+		}
+		// BUGFIX (Mar 2005):
+		// We can't just compare m_pFunction because on Metrowerks,
+		// m_pFunction can be zero even if the delegate is not empty!
+		inline bool operator ! () const		// Is it bound to anything?
+		{
+			return m_pthis == 0 && m_pFunction == 0;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const		// Is it bound to anything?
+		{
+			return m_pthis == 0 && m_pFunction == 0;
+		}
+	public:
+		DelegateMemento& operator = (const DelegateMemento& right) {
+			SetMementoFrom(right);
+			return *this;
+		}
+		inline bool operator <(const DelegateMemento& right) {
+			return IsLess(right);
+		}
+		inline bool operator >(const DelegateMemento& right) {
+			return right.IsLess(*this);
+		}
+		DelegateMemento(const DelegateMemento& right) :
+			m_pFunction(right.m_pFunction), m_pthis(right.m_pthis)
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+			, m_pStaticFunction(right.m_pStaticFunction)
+#endif
+		{
+		}
+	protected:
+		void SetMementoFrom(const DelegateMemento& right) {
+			m_pFunction = right.m_pFunction;
+			m_pthis = right.m_pthis;
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+			m_pStaticFunction = right.m_pStaticFunction;
+#endif
+		}
+	};
+
+
+	//						ClosurePtr<>
+	//
+	// A private wrapper class that adds function signatures to DelegateMemento.
+	// It's the class that does most of the actual work.
+	// The signatures are specified by:
+	// GenericMemFunc: must be a type of GenericClass member function pointer. 
+	// StaticFuncPtr:  must be a type of function pointer with the same signature 
+	//                 as GenericMemFunc.
+	// UnvoidStaticFuncPtr: is the same as StaticFuncPtr, except on VC6
+	//                 where it never returns void (returns DefaultVoid instead).
+
+	// An outer class, FastDelegateN<>, handles the invoking and creates the
+	// necessary typedefs.
+	// This class does everything else.
+
+	namespace detail {
+
+		template < class GenericMemFunc, class StaticFuncPtr, class UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>
+		class ClosurePtr : public DelegateMemento {
+		public:
+			// These functions are for setting the delegate to a member function.
+
+			// Here's the clever bit: we convert an arbitrary member function into a 
+			// standard form. XMemFunc should be a member function of class X, but I can't 
+			// enforce that here. It needs to be enforced by the wrapper class.
+			template < class X, class XMemFunc >
+			inline void bindmemfunc(X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
+				m_pthis = SimplifyMemFunc< sizeof(function_to_bind) >
+					::Convert(pthis, function_to_bind, m_pFunction);
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+				m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+#endif
+			}
+			// For const member functions, we only need a const class pointer.
+			// Since we know that the member function is const, it's safe to 
+			// remove the const qualifier from the 'this' pointer with a const_cast.
+			// VC6 has problems if we just overload 'bindmemfunc', so we give it a different name.
+			template < class X, class XMemFunc>
+			inline void bindconstmemfunc(const X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
+				m_pthis = SimplifyMemFunc< sizeof(function_to_bind) >
+					::Convert(const_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind, m_pFunction);
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+				m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+#endif
+			}
+#ifdef FASTDELEGATE_GCC_BUG_8271	// At present, GCC doesn't recognize constness of MFPs in templates
+			template < class X, class XMemFunc>
+			inline void bindmemfunc(const X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
+				bindconstmemfunc(pthis, function_to_bind);
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+				m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+#endif
+			}
+#endif
+			// These functions are required for invoking the stored function
+			inline GenericClass* GetClosureThis() const { return m_pthis; }
+			inline GenericMemFunc GetClosureMemPtr() const { return reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFunc>(m_pFunction); }
+
+			// There are a few ways of dealing with static function pointers.
+			// There's a standard-compliant, but tricky method.
+			// There's also a straightforward hack, that won't work on DOS compilers using the
+			// medium memory model. It's so evil that I can't recommend it, but I've
+			// implemented it anyway because it produces very nice asm code.
+
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+
+//				ClosurePtr<> - Safe version
+//
+// This implementation is standard-compliant, but a bit tricky.
+// I store the function pointer inside the class, and the delegate then
+// points to itself. Whenever the delegate is copied, these self-references
+// must be transformed, and this complicates the = and == operators.
+		public:
+			// The next two functions are for operator ==, =, and the copy constructor.
+			// We may need to convert the m_pthis pointers, so that
+			// they remain as self-references.
+			template< class DerivedClass >
+			inline void CopyFrom(DerivedClass* pParent, const DelegateMemento& x) {
+				SetMementoFrom(x);
+				if (m_pStaticFunction != 0) {
+					// transform self references...
+					m_pthis = reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(pParent);
+				}
+			}
+			// For static functions, the 'static_function_invoker' class in the parent 
+			// will be called. The parent then needs to call GetStaticFunction() to find out 
+			// the actual function to invoke.
+			template < class DerivedClass, class ParentInvokerSig >
+			inline void bindstaticfunc(DerivedClass* pParent, ParentInvokerSig static_function_invoker,
+				StaticFuncPtr function_to_bind) {
+				if (function_to_bind == 0) { // cope with assignment to 0
+					m_pFunction = 0;
+				}
+				else {
+					bindmemfunc(pParent, static_function_invoker);
+				}
+				m_pStaticFunction = reinterpret_cast<GenericFuncPtr>(function_to_bind);
+			}
+			inline UnvoidStaticFuncPtr GetStaticFunction() const {
+				return reinterpret_cast<UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>(m_pStaticFunction);
+			}
+#else
+
+//				ClosurePtr<> - Evil version
+//
+// For compilers where data pointers are at least as big as code pointers, it is 
+// possible to store the function pointer in the this pointer, using another 
+// horrible_cast. Invocation isn't any faster, but it saves 4 bytes, and
+// speeds up comparison and assignment. If C++ provided direct language support
+// for delegates, they would produce asm code that was almost identical to this.
+// Note that the Sun C++ and MSVC documentation explicitly state that they 
+// support static_cast between void * and function pointers.
+
+			template< class DerivedClass >
+			inline void CopyFrom(DerivedClass* pParent, const DelegateMemento& right) {
+				SetMementoFrom(right);
+			}
+			// For static functions, the 'static_function_invoker' class in the parent 
+			// will be called. The parent then needs to call GetStaticFunction() to find out 
+			// the actual function to invoke.
+			// ******** EVIL, EVIL CODE! *******
+			template < 	class DerivedClass, class ParentInvokerSig>
+			inline void bindstaticfunc(DerivedClass* pParent, ParentInvokerSig static_function_invoker,
+				StaticFuncPtr function_to_bind) {
+				if (function_to_bind == 0) { // cope with assignment to 0
+					m_pFunction = 0;
+				}
+				else {
+					// We'll be ignoring the 'this' pointer, but we need to make sure we pass
+					// a valid value to bindmemfunc().
+					bindmemfunc(pParent, static_function_invoker);
+				}
+
+				// WARNING! Evil hack. We store the function in the 'this' pointer!
+				// Ensure that there's a compilation failure if function pointers 
+				// and data pointers have different sizes.
+				// If you get this error, you need to #undef FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK.
+				typedef int ERROR_CantUseEvilMethod[sizeof(GenericClass*) == sizeof(function_to_bind) ? 1 : -1];
+				m_pthis = horrible_cast<GenericClass*>(function_to_bind);
+				// MSVC, SunC++ and DMC accept the following (non-standard) code:
+		//		m_pthis = static_cast<GenericClass *>(static_cast<void *>(function_to_bind));
+				// BCC32, Comeau and DMC accept this method. MSVC7.1 needs __int64 instead of long
+		//		m_pthis = reinterpret_cast<GenericClass *>(reinterpret_cast<long>(function_to_bind));
+			}
+			// ******** EVIL, EVIL CODE! *******
+			// This function will be called with an invalid 'this' pointer!!
+			// We're just returning the 'this' pointer, converted into
+			// a function pointer!
+			inline UnvoidStaticFuncPtr GetStaticFunction() const {
+				// Ensure that there's a compilation failure if function pointers 
+				// and data pointers have different sizes.
+				// If you get this error, you need to #undef FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK.
+				typedef int ERROR_CantUseEvilMethod[sizeof(UnvoidStaticFuncPtr) == sizeof(this) ? 1 : -1];
+				return horrible_cast<UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>(this);
+			}
+#endif // !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+
+			// Does the closure contain this static function?
+			inline bool IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(StaticFuncPtr funcptr) {
+				if (funcptr == 0) return empty();
+				// For the Evil method, if it doesn't actually contain a static function, this will return an arbitrary
+				// value that is not equal to any valid function pointer.
+				else return funcptr == reinterpret_cast<StaticFuncPtr>(GetStaticFunction());
+			}
+		};
+
+
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+	//						Fast Delegates, part 3:
+	//
+	//				Wrapper classes to ensure type safety
+	//
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+	// Once we have the member function conversion templates, it's easy to make the
+	// wrapper classes. So that they will work with as many compilers as possible, 
+	// the classes are of the form
+	//   FastDelegate3<int, char *, double>
+	// They can cope with any combination of parameters. The max number of parameters
+	// allowed is 8, but it is trivial to increase this limit.
+	// Note that we need to treat const member functions seperately.
+	// All this class does is to enforce type safety, and invoke the delegate with
+	// the correct list of parameters.
+
+	// Because of the weird rule about the class of derived member function pointers,
+	// you sometimes need to apply a downcast to the 'this' pointer.
+	// This is the reason for the use of "implicit_cast<X*>(pthis)" in the code below. 
+	// If CDerivedClass is derived from CBaseClass, but doesn't override SimpleVirtualFunction,
+	// without this trick you'd need to write:
+	//		MyDelegate(static_cast<CBaseClass *>(&d), &CDerivedClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
+	// but with the trick you can write
+	//		MyDelegate(&d, &CDerivedClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
+
+	// RetType is the type the compiler uses in compiling the template. For VC6,
+	// it cannot be void. DesiredRetType is the real type which is returned from
+	// all of the functions. It can be void.
+
+	// Implicit conversion to "bool" is achieved using the safe_bool idiom,
+	// using member data pointers (MDP). This allows "if (dg)..." syntax
+	// Because some compilers (eg codeplay) don't have a unique value for a zero
+	// MDP, an extra padding member is added to the SafeBool struct.
+	// Some compilers (eg VC6) won't implicitly convert from 0 to an MDP, so
+	// in that case the static function constructor is not made explicit; this
+	// allows "if (dg==0) ..." to compile.
+
+	//N=0
+	template<class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate0 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)();
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)();
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)();
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate0 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate0() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate0(const FastDelegate0& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate0& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate0(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)()) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)()) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate0(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)() const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)() const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate0(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)()) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)()) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)()) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate0::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() () const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))();
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction() const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))();
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=1
+	template<class Param1, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate1 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate1 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate1() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate1(const FastDelegate1& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate1& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate1(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate1(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate1(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate1::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1);
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=2
+	template<class Param1, class Param2, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate2 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate2 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate2() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate2(const FastDelegate2& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate2& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate2(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate2(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate2(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate2::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2);
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=3
+	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate3 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate3 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate3() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate3(const FastDelegate3& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate3& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate3(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate3(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate3(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate3::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3);
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=4
+	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate4 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate4 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate4() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate4(const FastDelegate4& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate4& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate4(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate4(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate4(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate4::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4);
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=5
+	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate5 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate5 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate5() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate5(const FastDelegate5& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate5& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate5(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate5(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate5(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate5::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=6
+	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate6 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate6 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate6() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate6(const FastDelegate6& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate6& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate6(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate6(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate6(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate6::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=7
+	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate7 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate7 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate7() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate7(const FastDelegate7& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate7& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate7(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate7(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate7(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate7::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=8
+	template<class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+	class FastDelegate8 {
+	private:
+		typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+		typedef DesiredRetType(*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
+		typedef RetType(*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
+		typedef RetType(detail::GenericClass::* GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
+		typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr, UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr> ClosureType;
+		ClosureType m_Closure;
+	public:
+		// Typedefs to aid generic programming
+		typedef FastDelegate8 type;
+
+		// Construction and comparison functions
+		FastDelegate8() { clear(); }
+		FastDelegate8(const FastDelegate8& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		void operator = (const FastDelegate8& x) {
+			m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator ==(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator !=(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator <(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+			return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+		}
+		bool operator >(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+			return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+		}
+		// Binding to non-const member functions
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate8(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+			m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Binding to const member functions.
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate8(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		inline void bind(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const) {
+			m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+		// This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+		FastDelegate8(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+		void operator = (DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+			bind(function_to_bind);
+		}
+		inline void bind(DesiredRetType(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+			m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate8::InvokeStaticFunction,
+				function_to_bind);
+		}
+		// Invoke the delegate
+		RetType operator() (Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const {
+			return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8);
+		}
+		// Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+	private:
+		typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+			int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+			StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+		} UselessTypedef;
+		typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::* unspecified_bool_type;
+	public:
+		operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+			return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+		}
+		// necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+		inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+			return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+		}
+		inline bool operator ! () const {	// Is it bound to anything?
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		inline bool empty() const {
+			return !m_Closure;
+		}
+		void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+		// Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+		const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+		void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); }
+
+	private:	// Invoker for static functions
+		RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const {
+			return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8);
+		}
+	};
+
+
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+	//						Fast Delegates, part 4:
+	// 
+	//				FastDelegate<> class (Original author: Jody Hagins)
+	//	Allows boost::function style syntax like:
+	//			FastDelegate< double (int, long) >
+	// instead of:
+	//			FastDelegate2< int, long, double >
+	//
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifdef FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+
+// Declare FastDelegate as a class template.  It will be specialized
+// later for all number of arguments.
+	template <typename Signature>
+	class FastDelegate;
+
+	//N=0
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R (  ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate0 < R >
+	template<typename R>
+	class FastDelegate< R() >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate0 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate0
+		: public FastDelegate0 < R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate0 < R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)())
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)() const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)())
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=1
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate1 < Param1, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate1 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate1
+		: public FastDelegate1 < Param1, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate1 < Param1, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=2
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate2 < Param1, Param2, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate2 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate2
+		: public FastDelegate2 < Param1, Param2, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate2 < Param1, Param2, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=3
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate3 < Param1, Param2, Param3, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate3 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate3
+		: public FastDelegate3 < Param1, Param2, Param3, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate3 < Param1, Param2, Param3, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=4
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate4 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate4 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate4
+		: public FastDelegate4 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate4 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=5
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate5 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate5 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate5
+		: public FastDelegate5 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate5 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=6
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate6 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate6 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate6
+		: public FastDelegate6 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate6 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=7
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate7 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate7 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate7
+		: public FastDelegate7 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate7 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+	//N=8
+	// Specialization to allow use of
+	// FastDelegate< R ( Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8 ) >
+	// instead of 
+	// FastDelegate8 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, R >
+	template<typename R, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8>
+	class FastDelegate< R(Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8) >
+		// Inherit from FastDelegate8 so that it can be treated just like a FastDelegate8
+		: public FastDelegate8 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, R >
+	{
+	public:
+		// Make using the base type a bit easier via typedef.
+		typedef FastDelegate8 < Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, R > BaseType;
+
+		// Allow users access to the specific type of this delegate.
+		typedef FastDelegate SelfType;
+
+		// Mimic the base class constructors.
+		FastDelegate() : BaseType() {}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8))
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind) {
+		}
+
+		template < class X, class Y >
+		FastDelegate(const Y* pthis,
+			R(X::* function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const)
+			: BaseType(pthis, function_to_bind)
+		{
+		}
+
+		FastDelegate(R(*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8))
+			: BaseType(function_to_bind) {
+		}
+		void operator = (const BaseType& x) {
+			*static_cast<BaseType*>(this) = x;
+		}
+	};
+
+
+#endif //FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+	//						Fast Delegates, part 5:
+	//
+	//				MakeDelegate() helper function
+	//
+	//			MakeDelegate(&x, &X::func) returns a fastdelegate of the type
+	//			necessary for calling x.func() with the correct number of arguments.
+	//			This makes it possible to eliminate many typedefs from user code.
+	//
+	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+	// Also declare overloads of a MakeDelegate() global function to 
+	// reduce the need for typedefs.
+	// We need seperate overloads for const and non-const member functions.
+	// Also, because of the weird rule about the class of derived member function pointers,
+	// implicit downcasts may need to be applied later to the 'this' pointer.
+	// That's why two classes (X and Y) appear in the definitions. Y must be implicitly
+	// castable to X.
+
+	// Workaround for VC6. VC6 needs void return types converted into DefaultVoid.
+	// GCC 3.2 and later won't compile this unless it's preceded by 'typename',
+	// but VC6 doesn't allow 'typename' in this context.
+	// So, I have to use a macro.
+
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_VC6
+#define FASTDLGT_RETTYPE detail::VoidToDefaultVoid<RetType>::type
+#else 
+#define FASTDLGT_RETTYPE RetType
+#endif
+
+//N=0
+	template <class X, class Y, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)()) {
+		return FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)() const) {
+		return FastDelegate0<FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=1
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1)) {
+		return FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1) const) {
+		return FastDelegate1<Param1, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=2
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+		return FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const) {
+		return FastDelegate2<Param1, Param2, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=3
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3)) {
+		return FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const) {
+		return FastDelegate3<Param1, Param2, Param3, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=4
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+		return FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const) {
+		return FastDelegate4<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=5
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5)) {
+		return FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const) {
+		return FastDelegate5<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=6
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+		return FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const) {
+		return FastDelegate6<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=7
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+		return FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const) {
+		return FastDelegate7<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	//N=8
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+		return FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+	template <class X, class Y, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8, class RetType>
+	FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE> MakeDelegate(Y* x, RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const) {
+		return FastDelegate8<Param1, Param2, Param3, Param4, Param5, Param6, Param7, Param8, FASTDLGT_RETTYPE>(x, func);
+	}
+
+
+	// clean up after ourselves...
+#undef FASTDLGT_RETTYPE
+
+} // namespace fastdelegate
+
+#endif // !defined(FASTDELEGATE_H)
+

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/FastDelegateBind.h

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#pragma once
+//						FastDelegateBind.h 
+//  Helper file for FastDelegates. Provides bind() function, enabling
+//  FastDelegates to be rapidly compared to programs using boost::function and boost::bind.
+//
+//  Documentation is found at http://www.codeproject.com/cpp/FastDelegate.asp
+//
+//		Original author: Jody Hagins.
+//		 Minor changes by Don Clugston.
+//
+// Warning: The arguments to 'bind' are ignored! No actual binding is performed.
+// The behaviour is equivalent to boost::bind only when the basic placeholder 
+// arguments _1, _2, _3, etc are used in order.
+//
+// HISTORY:
+//	1.4 Dec 2004. Initial release as part of FastDelegate 1.4.
+
+
+#ifndef FASTDELEGATEBIND_H
+#define FASTDELEGATEBIND_H
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//						FastDelegate bind()
+//
+//				bind() helper function for boost compatibility.
+//				(Original author: Jody Hagins).
+//
+// Add another helper, so FastDelegate can be a dropin replacement
+// for boost::bind (in a fair number of cases).
+// Note the elipses, because boost::bind() takes place holders
+// but FastDelegate does not care about them.  Getting the place holder
+// mechanism to work, and play well with boost is a bit tricky, so
+// we do the "easy" thing...
+// Assume we have the following code...
+//      using boost::bind;
+//      bind(&Foo:func, &foo, _1, _2);
+// we should be able to replace the "using" with...
+//      using fastdelegate::bind;
+// and everything should work fine...
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifdef FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+
+namespace fastdelegate {
+
+    //N=0
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType>
+    FastDelegate< RetType() >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType() >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType>
+    FastDelegate< RetType() >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)() const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType() >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=1
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=2
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=3
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=4
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=5
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=6
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=7
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    //N=8
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8),
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) >(y, func);
+    }
+
+    template <class X, class Y, class RetType, class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5, class Param6, class Param7, class Param8>
+    FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) >
+        bind(
+            RetType(X::* func)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) const,
+            Y* y,
+            ...)
+    {
+        return FastDelegate< RetType(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8) >(y, func);
+    }
+} // namespace fastdelegate
+
+#endif //FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+#endif // !defined(FASTDELEGATEBIND_H)
+

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Member Function Pointers and the Fastest Possible C++ Delegates.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
+// https://www.codeproject.com/KB/cpp/FastDelegate.aspx
+
+/*
+	
+
+*/
+
+
+
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "FastDelegate.h"
+// Demonstrate the syntax for FastDelegates.
+//				-Don Clugston, May 2004.
+// It's a really boring example, but it shows the most important cases.
+
+// Declare some functions of varying complexity...
+void SimpleStaticFunction(int num, char* str) {
+	printf("In SimpleStaticFunction. Num=%d, str = %s\n", num, str);
+}
+
+void SimpleVoidFunction() {
+	printf("In SimpleVoidFunction with no parameters.\n");
+}
+
+class CBaseClass {
+protected:
+	char* m_name;
+public:
+	CBaseClass(char* name) : m_name(name) {};
+	void SimpleMemberFunction(int num, char* str) {
+		printf("In SimpleMemberFunction in %s. Num=%d, str = %s\n", m_name, num, str);
+	}
+	int SimpleMemberFunctionReturnsInt(int num, char* str) {
+		printf("In SimpleMemberFunction in %s. Num=%d, str = %s Return: -1\n", m_name, num, str); return -2;
+	}
+	void ConstMemberFunction(int num, char* str) const {
+		printf("In ConstMemberFunction in %s. Num=%d, str = %s\n", m_name, num, str);
+	}
+	virtual void SimpleVirtualFunction(int num, char* str) {
+		printf("In SimpleVirtualFunction in %s. Num=%d, str = %s\n", m_name, num, str);
+	}
+	static void StaticMemberFunction(int num, char* str) {
+		printf("In StaticMemberFunction. Num=%d, str =%s\n", num, str);
+	}
+};
+
+class COtherClass {
+	double rubbish = 12; // to ensure this class has non-zero size.
+public:
+	virtual void UnusedVirtualFunction(void) {}
+	virtual void TrickyVirtualFunction(int num, char* str) = 0;
+};
+
+class VeryBigClass {
+	int letsMakeThingsComplicated[400];
+};
+
+// This declaration ensures that we get a convoluted class heirarchy.
+class CDerivedClass : public VeryBigClass, virtual public COtherClass, virtual public CBaseClass
+{
+	double m_somemember[8];
+public:
+	CDerivedClass() : CBaseClass((char*)"Base of Derived") { m_somemember[0] = 1.2345; }
+	void SimpleDerivedFunction(int num, char* str) { printf("In SimpleDerived. num=%d\n", num); }
+	virtual void AnotherUnusedVirtualFunction(int num, char* str) {}
+	virtual void TrickyVirtualFunction(int num, char* str) {
+		printf("In Derived TrickyMemberFunction. Num=%d, str = %s\n", num, str);
+	}
+};
+
+using namespace fastdelegate;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	// Delegates with up to 8 parameters are supported.
+	// Here's the case for a void function.
+	// We declare a delegate and attach it to SimpleVoidFunction()
+	printf("-- FastDelegate demo --\nA no-parameter delegate is declared using FastDelegate0\n\n");
+
+	FastDelegate0<> noparameterdelegate(&SimpleVoidFunction);
+
+	noparameterdelegate(); // invoke the delegate - this calls SimpleVoidFunction()
+
+	printf("\n-- Examples using two-parameter delegates (int, char *) --\n\n");
+
+	// By default, the return value is void.
+	typedef FastDelegate2<int, char*> MyDelegate;
+
+	// If you want to have a non-void return value, put it at the end.
+	typedef FastDelegate2<int, char*, int> IntMyDelegate;
+
+
+	MyDelegate funclist[12]; // delegates are initialized to empty
+	CBaseClass a((char*)"Base A");
+	CBaseClass b((char*)"Base B");
+	CDerivedClass d;
+	CDerivedClass c;
+
+	IntMyDelegate newdeleg;
+	newdeleg = MakeDelegate(&a, &CBaseClass::SimpleMemberFunctionReturnsInt);
+	printf("Return value: %d\n", newdeleg(0, (char*)"return value"));
+
+	// Binding a simple member function
+	funclist[0].bind(&a, &CBaseClass::SimpleMemberFunction);
+
+	// You can also bind static (free) functions
+	funclist[1].bind(&SimpleStaticFunction);
+	// and static member functions
+	funclist[2].bind(&CBaseClass::StaticMemberFunction);
+	// and const member functions (these only need a const class pointer).		 
+	funclist[11].bind((const CBaseClass*)&a, &CBaseClass::ConstMemberFunction);
+	funclist[3].bind(&a, &CBaseClass::ConstMemberFunction);
+	// and virtual member functions
+	funclist[4].bind(&b, &CBaseClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
+
+	// You can also use the = operator. For static functions, a fastdelegate
+	// looks identical to a simple function pointer.
+	funclist[5] = &CBaseClass::StaticMemberFunction;
+
+	// The weird rule about the class of derived member function pointers is avoided.
+	// For MSVC, you can use &CDerivedClass::SimpleVirtualFunction here, but DMC will complain.
+	// Note that as well as .bind(), you can also use the MakeDelegate()
+	// global function.
+	funclist[6] = MakeDelegate(&d, &CBaseClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
+
+	// The worst case is an abstract virtual function of a virtually-derived class
+	// with at least one non-virtual base class. This is a VERY obscure situation,
+	// which you're unlikely to encounter in the real world.
+	// FastDelegate versions prior to 1.3 had problems with this case on VC6.
+	// Now, it works without problems on all compilers.
+	funclist[7].bind(&c, &CDerivedClass::TrickyVirtualFunction);
+	// BUT... in such cases you should be using the base class as an 
+	// interface, anyway.
+	funclist[8].bind(&c, &COtherClass::TrickyVirtualFunction);
+	// Calling a function that was first declared in the derived class is straightforward
+	funclist[9] = MakeDelegate(&c, &CDerivedClass::SimpleDerivedFunction);
+
+	// You can also bind directly using the constructor
+	MyDelegate dg(&b, &CBaseClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
+
+	char* msg = (char*)"Looking for equal delegate";
+	for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+		printf("%d :", i);
+		// The == and != operators are provided
+		// Note that they work even for inline functions.
+		if (funclist[i] == dg) { msg = (char*)"Found equal delegate"; };
+		// operator ! can be used to test for an empty delegate
+		// You can also use the .empty() member function.
+		if (!funclist[i]) {
+			printf("Delegate is empty\n");
+		}
+		else {
+			// Invocation generates optimal assembly code.
+			funclist[i](i, msg);
+		};
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+	-- FastDelegate demo --
+A no-parameter delegate is declared using FastDelegate0
+
+In SimpleVoidFunction with no parameters.
+
+-- Examples using two-parameter delegates (int, char *) --
+
+In SimpleMemberFunction in Base A. Num=0, str = return value Return: -1
+Return value: -2
+0 :In SimpleMemberFunction in Base A. Num=0, str = Looking for equal delegate
+1 :In SimpleStaticFunction. Num=1, str = Looking for equal delegate
+2 :In StaticMemberFunction. Num=2, str =Looking for equal delegate
+3 :In ConstMemberFunction in Base A. Num=3, str = Looking for equal delegate
+4 :In SimpleVirtualFunction in Base B. Num=4, str = Found equal delegate
+5 :In StaticMemberFunction. Num=5, str =Found equal delegate
+6 :In SimpleVirtualFunction in Base of Derived. Num=6, str = Found equal delegate
+7 :In Derived TrickyMemberFunction. Num=7, str = Found equal delegate
+8 :In Derived TrickyMemberFunction. Num=8, str = Found equal delegate
+9 :In SimpleDerived. num=9
+10 :Delegate is empty
+11 :In ConstMemberFunction in Base A. Num=11, str = Found equal delegate
+
+*/

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/x64/Debug/C++ Delegates.exe.recipe

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project>
+  <ProjectOutputs>
+    <ProjectOutput>
+      <FullPath>C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\C++ Delegates\x64\Debug\C++ Delegates.exe</FullPath>
+    </ProjectOutput>
+  </ProjectOutputs>
+  <ContentFiles />
+  <SatelliteDlls />
+  <NonRecipeFileRefs />
+</Project>

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/x64/Debug/C++ Delegates.log

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+  main.cpp
+  C++ Delegates.vcxproj -> C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\C++ Delegates\x64\Debug\C++ Delegates.exe

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/x64/Debug/C++ Delegates.tlog/C++ Delegates.lastbuildstate

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+PlatformToolSet=v143:VCToolArchitecture=Native64Bit:VCToolsVersion=14.43.34808:TargetPlatformVersion=10.0.22621.0:
+Debug|x64|C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\C++ Delegates\|

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/x64/Debug/C++ Delegates.tlog/Cl.items.tlog

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\C++ Delegates\C++ Delegates\main.cpp;C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\C++ Delegates\C++ Delegates\x64\Debug\main.obj

C++ Delegates/C++ Delegates/x64/Debug/C++ Delegates.tlog/link.secondary.1.tlog

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+^C:\USERS\SFREUNDE\SOURCE\REPOS\C++ DELEGATES\C++ DELEGATES\X64\DEBUG\MAIN.OBJ
+C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\C++ Delegates\C++ Delegates\x64\Debug\C++ Delegates.ilk

CppEvent/.vs/CppEvent/v17/DocumentLayout.backup.json

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
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+              "Title": "CppEvent.cpp",
+              "DocumentMoniker": "C:\\Users\\sfreunde\\source\\repos\\CppEvent\\CppEvent\\CppEvent.cpp",
+              "RelativeDocumentMoniker": "CppEvent\\CppEvent.cpp",
+              "ToolTip": "C:\\Users\\sfreunde\\source\\repos\\CppEvent\\CppEvent\\CppEvent.cpp",
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+              "EditorCaption": ""
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

CppEvent/.vs/CppEvent/v17/DocumentLayout.json

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "Version": 1,
+  "WorkspaceRootPath": "C:\\Users\\sfreunde\\source\\repos\\CppEvent\\",
+  "Documents": [
+    {
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+              "EditorCaption": ""
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+          ]
+        }
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+  ]
+}

CppEvent/CppEvent.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 17
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.13.35931.197 d17.13
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "CppEvent", "CppEvent\CppEvent.vcxproj", "{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+		Release|x86 = Release|x86
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{7B5A4EAE-A7D5-41C0-933A-AB3982E4BE62}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {040B1735-2E51-476A-8A3C-6CF7C6F2D5BC}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

CppEvent/CppEvent/CppEvent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// CppEvent.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
+// https://medium.com/@alwayswannaly/applied-event-driven-programming-with-c-b2f6977f0b72
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+
+class EventManager {
+
+private:
+    std::map<std::string, std::vector<void (*)(int)> > events;
+
+public:
+    EventManager() {}
+
+    EventManager* on(std::string event_name, void (*callback)(int)) {
+
+        // we're using a pointer to reference `events[event_name]` so as
+        // to get reference to original object and not the copy object.
+        std::vector<void (*)(int)>* listeners = &events[event_name];
+
+        // if this listener is already registered, we wont add it again
+        if (std::find(listeners->begin(), listeners->end(), callback) != listeners->end()) {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        listeners->push_back(callback);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    bool emit(std::string event_name, int arg) {
+        std::vector<void (*)(int)> listeners = events[event_name];
+
+        if (listeners.size() == 0) return false;
+
+        // Run all the listeners associated with the event
+        for (int idx = 0; idx < listeners.size(); idx += 1) {
+            listeners[idx](arg);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+void callback1(int num) {
+    std::cout << "\n";
+    std::cout << "callback1-" << num * 2;
+}
+
+void callback2(int num) {
+    std::cout << "\n";
+    std::cout << "callback2-" << num / 2;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    EventManager* event_manager = new EventManager();
+    event_manager->on("event", callback1)->on("event", callback2);
+
+    int eventA = event_manager->emit("event", 100);
+    int eventB = event_manager->emit("bad_event", 200);
+
+    std::cout << "\n";
+    std::cout << eventA << " " << eventB << "\n";
+
+    return 0;
+}

CppEvent/CppEvent/CppEvent.vcxproj

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
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+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
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+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
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+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
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+    <VCProjectVersion>17.0</VCProjectVersion>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <ProjectGuid>{7b5a4eae-a7d5-41c0-933a-ab3982e4be62}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>CppEvent</RootNamespace>
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+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
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+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
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+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
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+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
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+    <ClCompile>
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+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
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+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="CppEvent.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>

CppEvent/CppEvent/CppEvent.vcxproj.filters

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
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+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
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+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
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+    <ClCompile Include="CppEvent.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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+  </ItemGroup>
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CppEvent/CppEvent/CppEvent.vcxproj.user

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup />
+</Project>

CppEvent/CppEvent/x64/Debug/CppEvent.exe.recipe

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project>
+  <ProjectOutputs>
+    <ProjectOutput>
+      <FullPath>C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\CppEvent\x64\Debug\CppEvent.exe</FullPath>
+    </ProjectOutput>
+  </ProjectOutputs>
+  <ContentFiles />
+  <SatelliteDlls />
+  <NonRecipeFileRefs />
+</Project>

CppEvent/CppEvent/x64/Debug/CppEvent.log

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+  CppEvent.cpp
+  CppEvent.vcxproj -> C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\CppEvent\x64\Debug\CppEvent.exe

CppEvent/CppEvent/x64/Debug/CppEvent.tlog/Cl.items.tlog

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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CppEvent/CppEvent/x64/Debug/CppEvent.tlog/CppEvent.lastbuildstate

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+PlatformToolSet=v143:VCToolArchitecture=Native64Bit:VCToolsVersion=14.43.34808:TargetPlatformVersion=10.0.22621.0:
+Debug|x64|C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\CppEvent\|

CppEvent/CppEvent/x64/Debug/CppEvent.tlog/link.secondary.1.tlog

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+^C:\USERS\SFREUNDE\SOURCE\REPOS\CPPEVENT\CPPEVENT\X64\DEBUG\CPPEVENT.OBJ
+C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\CppEvent\CppEvent\x64\Debug\CppEvent.ilk

chat-GPT example/.vs/chat-GPT example/v17/DocumentLayout.backup.json

@@ -5,17 +5,34 @@
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+          "DockedHeight": 200,
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+              "Title": "classExample.h",
+              "DocumentMoniker": "C:\\Users\\sfreunde\\source\\repos\\chat-GPT example\\chat-GPT example\\classExample.h",
+              "RelativeDocumentMoniker": "chat-GPT example\\classExample.h",
+              "ToolTip": "C:\\Users\\sfreunde\\source\\repos\\chat-GPT example\\chat-GPT example\\classExample.h",
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+          "DockedHeight": 200,
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chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example.cpp

@@ -4,151 +4,247 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <variant>
 
-#if 0
+#include "classExample.h"
 
-// Define an enum for event types
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+// Enum for Event Types
 enum class EventType {
     Click,
     Hover,
-    KeyPress
+    KeyPress,
+    Test
 };
 
 // EventManager class to manage event handlers
 class EventManager {
 public:
+
     // Add a handler for a specific event type
-    void addHandler(EventType type, const std::function<void()>& handler) {
-        handlers[type].push_back(handler);
+    template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+    void addHandler(EventType type, std::function<ReturnType(Args...)> handler) {
+        auto& handlersForType = handlers[static_cast<int>(type)];
+        handlersForType.push_back([handler](void* args) -> void* {
+            if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0) {
+                auto tupleArgs = *reinterpret_cast<std::tuple<Args...>*>(args);
+                // ReturnType* result = new ReturnType(callHandler(handler, tupleArgs, typename make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>::type()));
+                ReturnType* result = new ReturnType(callHandler<ReturnType, Args...>(handler, tupleArgs, typename make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>::type()));
+                return static_cast<void*>(result);
+            }
+            else {
+                ReturnType* result = new ReturnType(handler());
+                return static_cast<void*>(result);
+            }
+            });
     }
 
-    // Emit an event of a specific type
-    void emit(EventType type) {
-        auto it = handlers.find(type);
+    // Helper function to call the handler with unpacked arguments
+    template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args, std::size_t... Is>
+    static ReturnType callHandler(std::function<ReturnType(Args...)> handler, std::tuple<Args...> tupleArgs, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
+        return handler(std::get<Is>(tupleArgs)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+    ReturnType emit(EventType type, Args... args) {
+        auto it = handlers.find(static_cast<int>(type));
         if (it != handlers.end()) {
-            for (const auto& handler : it->second) {
-                handler(); // Call each handler registered for this event type
+            void* result = nullptr;
+            for (const auto& callback : it->second) {
+                auto tupleArgs = std::make_tuple(args...);
+                result = callback(static_cast<void*>(&tupleArgs));
+            }
+
+            if (result) {
+                ReturnType returnValue = *static_cast<ReturnType*>(result);
+                delete static_cast<ReturnType*>(result); // Clean up the allocated memory
+                return returnValue;
             }
         }
+        throw std::runtime_error("No matching handler found for the event type");
     }
 
+    // Helper to generate index sequence
+    template <std::size_t... Is>
+    struct index_sequence {
+        using type = index_sequence;
+        static constexpr std::size_t size = sizeof...(Is);
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t N, std::size_t... Is>
+    struct make_index_sequence : make_index_sequence<N - 1, N - 1, Is...> {};
+
+    template <std::size_t... Is>
+	struct make_index_sequence<0, Is...> : index_sequence<Is...> {};
+
+
 private:
-    std::unordered_map<EventType, std::vector<std::function<void()>>> handlers; // Map of event type to handlers
+    using Callback = std::function<void* (void*)>;
+    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<Callback>> handlers;
 };
 
+
+
 int main() {
     EventManager eventManager;
+    cButton myButton(0, 12, 24, "label", true, false);
 
     // Add handlers for different event types
-    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Click, []() {
-        std::cout << "Click event triggered!" << std::endl;
-        });
 
-    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Hover, []() {
-        std::cout << "Hover event triggered!" << std::endl;
-        });
-
-    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::KeyPress, []() {
-        std::cout << "KeyPress event triggered!" << std::endl;
-        });
+    eventManager.addHandler<int, int>(EventType::Test, std::function<int(int)>([](int num) -> int {
+        return num * 2;
+        }));
 
-    // Emit events
-    std::cout << "Emitting Click event:" << std::endl;
-    eventManager.emit(EventType::Click);
-
-    std::cout << "Emitting Hover event:" << std::endl;
-    eventManager.emit(EventType::Hover);
 
-    std::cout << "Emitting KeyPress event:" << std::endl;
-    eventManager.emit(EventType::KeyPress);
+    std::cout << "4. Emitting Test event:" << std::endl;
+    int testResult = eventManager.emit<int>(EventType::Test, 42);
+    std::cout << "Test event result: " << testResult << std::endl;
 
     return 0;
 }
-#endif
+
+
+
 
 #if 0
-#include <iostream>
-#include <functional>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
 
 // Enum for Event Types
 enum class EventType {
     Click,
     Hover,
-    KeyPress
+    KeyPress,
+    Test
 };
 
 // EventManager class to manage event handlers
 class EventManager {
 public:
+
+    template <std::size_t... Is>
+    struct index_sequence {
+        using type = index_sequence;
+        static constexpr std::size_t size = sizeof...(Is);
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t N, std::size_t... Is>
+    struct make_index_sequence : make_index_sequence<N - 1, N - 1, Is...> {};
+
+    template <std::size_t... Is>
+    struct make_index_sequence<0, Is...> : index_sequence<Is...> {};
+
+    template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args, std::size_t... Is>
+    ReturnType callHandler(std::function<ReturnType(Args...)> handler, std::tuple<Args...> tupleArgs, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
+        return handler(std::get<Is>(tupleArgs)...);
+    }
+
     // Add a handler for a specific event type
-    void addHandler(EventType type, const std::function<void()>& handler) {
-        handlers[type].push_back(handler);
+    template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+    void addHandler(EventType type, std::function<ReturnType(Args...)> handler) {
+        auto& handlersForType = handlers[static_cast<int>(type)];
+        handlersForType.push_back([handler](void* args) -> void* {
+            if (sizeof...(Args) > 0) {
+                auto tupleArgs = *reinterpret_cast<std::tuple<Args...>*>(args);
+                ReturnType* result = new ReturnType(callHandler(handler, tupleArgs, typename make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>::type()));
+                return static_cast<void*>(result);
+            }
+            else {
+                ReturnType* result = new ReturnType(handler());
+                return static_cast<void*>(result);
+            }
+            });
     }
 
-    // Emit an event of a specific type
-    void emit(EventType type) {
-        auto it = handlers.find(type);
+    template <typename... Args>
+    void emit(EventType type, Args... args) {
+        auto it = handlers.find(static_cast<int>(type));
         if (it != handlers.end()) {
-            for (const auto& handler : it->second) {
-                handler(); // Call each handler registered for this event type
+            for (const auto& callback : it->second) {
+                auto tupleArgs = std::make_tuple(args...);
+                callback(static_cast<void*>(&tupleArgs));
             }
         }
+        else {
+            throw std::runtime_error("No matching handler found for the event type");
+        }
     }
 
-private:
-    std::unordered_map<EventType, std::vector<std::function<void()>>> handlers; // Map of event type to handlers
-};
-
-// Example of a class that automatically connects an event handler
-class AutoConnectedHandler {
-public:
-    // Constructor to automatically connect the handler
-    AutoConnectedHandler(EventManager& manager, EventType type, const std::function<void()>& customHandler)
-        : eventManager(manager), eventType(type) {
-        // Automatically connect the handler with custom logic
-        eventManager.addHandler(eventType, customHandler);
-    }
+    template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<ReturnType, void>::value, ReturnType>::type
+        emit(EventType type, Args... args) {
+        auto it = handlers.find(static_cast<int>(type));
+        if (it != handlers.end()) {
+            void* result = nullptr;
+            for (const auto& callback : it->second) {
+                auto tupleArgs = std::make_tuple(args...);
+                result = callback(static_cast<void*>(&tupleArgs));
+            }
 
-    // Default handler if needed
-    void handleEvent() {
-        std::cout << "Default handler for event type " << static_cast<int>(eventType) << " triggered!" << std::endl;
+            if (result) {
+                ReturnType returnValue = *static_cast<ReturnType*>(result);
+                delete static_cast<ReturnType*>(result);
+                return returnValue;
+            }
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("No matching handler found for the event type");
     }
 
 private:
-    EventManager& eventManager; // Reference to the event manager
-    EventType eventType;        // Event type this handler is connected to
+    using Callback = std::function<void* (void*)>;
+    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<Callback>> handlers;
 };
 
+
+
 int main() {
     EventManager eventManager;
+    cButton myButton(0, 12, 24, "label", true, false);
 
-    // Create an instance of AutoConnectedHandler with a custom lambda for the Click event
-    AutoConnectedHandler clickHandler(eventManager, EventType::Click, []() {
-        std::cout << "Custom lambda handler for Click event!" << std::endl;
-        });
+    // Add handlers for different event types
+    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Click, std::function<void()>([&myButton]() {
+        myButton.wipeout();
+        }));
+
+    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Click, std::function<void()>([]() {
+        std::cout << "Callback -> Click event triggered!" << std::endl;
+        }));
+
+    eventManager.addHandler<const char*>(EventType::Hover, std::function<const char* ()>([&myButton]() -> const char* {
+        myButton.wipeout();
+        const char* label = myButton.getLabel();
+        std::cout << "Callback -> Hover event getLabel: " << label << std::endl;
+        return "Hover event triggered!";
+        }));
 
-    // Create an instance of AutoConnectedHandler with a custom lambda for the Hover event
-    AutoConnectedHandler hoverHandler(eventManager, EventType::Hover, []() {
-        std::cout << "Custom lambda handler for Hover event!" << std::endl;
-        });
+    eventManager.addHandler<bool>(EventType::KeyPress, std::function<bool()>([]() -> bool {
+        return true;
+        }));
 
-    // Add an additional lambda handler dynamically for the Hover event
-    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Hover, []() {
-        std::cout << "Another dynamic lambda handler for Hover event!" << std::endl;
-        });
+    eventManager.addHandler<int>(EventType::Test, std::function<int(int)>([](int num) -> int {
+        return num * 2;
+        }));
 
     // Emit events
-    std::cout << "Emitting Click event:" << std::endl;
-    eventManager.emit(EventType::Click); // This will trigger the clickHandler's custom lambda
+    std::cout << "1. Emitting Click event:" << std::endl;
+    eventManager.emit(EventType::Click);
 
-    std::cout << "Emitting Hover event:" << std::endl;
-    eventManager.emit(EventType::Hover); // This will trigger both hoverHandler and the additional lambda
+    std::cout << "2. Emitting Hover event:" << std::endl;
+    const char* hoverResult = eventManager.emit<const char*>(EventType::Hover);
+    std::cout << "Hover event result: " << hoverResult << std::endl;
 
-    // Emit an event without a handler to demonstrate no error
-    std::cout << "Emitting KeyPress event (no handler):" << std::endl;
-    eventManager.emit(EventType::KeyPress);
+    std::cout << "3. Emitting KeyPress event:" << std::endl;
+    bool keyPressResult = eventManager.emit<bool>(EventType::KeyPress);
+    std::cout << "KeyPress event result: " << keyPressResult << std::endl;
+
+    std::cout << "4. Emitting Test event:" << std::endl;
+    // int testResult = eventManager.emit<int>(EventType::Test, 42);
+    // std::cout << "Test event result: " << testResult << std::endl;
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -156,35 +252,16 @@ int main() {
 #endif
 
 #if 0
-#include <iostream>
-#include <functional>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <type_traits>
 
 // Enum for Event Types
 enum class EventType {
     Click,
     Hover,
-    KeyPress
+    KeyPress,
+    Test
 };
 
-// Utility function to convert various types to a string
-template <typename T>
-std::string toString(const T& value) {
-    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, const char*> || std::is_same_v<T, char*>) {
-        return std::string(value);
-    }
-    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, bool>) {
-        return value ? "true" : "false";
-    }
-    else {
-        std::ostringstream oss;
-        oss << value;
-        return oss.str();
-    }
-}
+
 
 // Specialization for void
 inline std::string toString() {
@@ -198,115 +275,329 @@ public:
     // Add a handler for a specific event type (void return type)
     void addHandler(EventType type, const std::function<void()>& handler) {
         auto& handlersForType = handlers[static_cast<int>(type)];
-        handlersForType.push_back([handler]() ->std::string {
-            handler();
-            return "";
-            });
+        handlersForType.push_back(handler);
     }
 
     // Add a handler for a specific event type (non-void return type)
-    template <typename ReturnType >
+    template <typename ReturnType>
     void addHandler(EventType type, const std::function<ReturnType()>& handler) {
         auto& handlersForType = handlers[static_cast<int>(type)];
-        handlersForType.push_back([handler]() -> std::string {
-            ReturnType result = handler(); // Call the handler
-            return toString(result);
-            });
+        handlersForType.push_back(handler);
     }
 
+    template <typename CallbackType, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<std::invoke_result_t<CallbackType>, void>>>
+    void addHandler(EventType type, const CallbackType& handler) {
+        auto& handlersForType = handlers[static_cast<int>(type)];
+        handlersForType.push_back(handler); // Store the callback in the variant
+    }
 
     // Emit an event of a specific type
-    template <typename ReturnType, typename = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<ReturnType, void>::value>::type>
+    // template <typename ReturnType, typename = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<ReturnType, void>::value>::type>
+    template <typename ReturnType>
     ReturnType emit(EventType type) {
         auto it = handlers.find(static_cast<int>(type));
         if (it != handlers.end()) {
-            for (const auto& handler : it->second) {
-                std::string result = handler(); // Call each handler and get the result
-				auto handlerResult = handler(); // Call each handler and get the result
-                // ReturnType result = handler(); // Call each handler and get the result
-
-            // Convert handlerResult to ReturnType if necessary
-                if constexpr (std::is_same<ReturnType, const char*>::value) {
-                    // Convert std::string to const char*
-                    return static_cast<ReturnType>(handlerResult.c_str());
-                }
-                else if constexpr (std::is_same<ReturnType, std::string>::value) {
-                    return static_cast<ReturnType>(handlerResult);
-                }
-                else if constexpr (std::is_same<ReturnType, int>::value) {
-                    return static_cast<ReturnType>(std::stoi(handlerResult));
-                }
-                else if constexpr (std::is_same<ReturnType, bool>::value) {
-                    return static_cast<ReturnType>(handlerResult == "true");
-                }
-                else {
-                    throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported ReturnType");
+            for (const auto& callback : it->second) {
+                // Check the type of the callback and invoke it
+                if (auto func = std::get_if<std::function<ReturnType()>>(&callback)) {
+                    return (*func)(); // Call the callback and return the result
                 }
             }
-
         }
+    }
 
-        // Return default value for non-void types if no handler is found
-        if (!std::is_same<ReturnType, void>::value) {
-            return ReturnType();
+    template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+    ReturnType emit(EventType type, Args&&... args) {
+        auto it = handlers.find(static_cast<int>(type));
+        if (it != handlers.end()) {
+            for (const auto& callback : it->second) {
+                // Check the type of the callback and invoke it with parameters
+                if (auto func = std::get_if<std::function<ReturnType(Args...)>>(&callback)) {
+                    return (*func)(std::forward<Args>(args)...); // Call the callback with arguments
+                }
+            }
         }
+        throw std::runtime_error("No matching handler found for the event type");
     }
 
     // Emit an event of a specific type
-// Emit an event of a specific type
     void emit(EventType type) {
         auto it = handlers.find(static_cast<int>(type));
         if (it != handlers.end()) {
-            for (const auto& handler : it->second) {
-                handler(); // Call each handler
+            for (const auto& callback : it->second) {
+                // Check the type of the callback and invoke it
+                if (auto func = std::get_if<std::function<void()>>(&callback)) {
+                    (*func)(); // Call the callback and return the result
+                }
             }
         }
         return; // Explicit return for clarity
     }
 
-
 private:
-    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<std::function<std::string()>>> handlers; // Map of event type to handlers
+
+    // Define a variant type for supported callback return types
+    using CallbackVariant = std::variant<
+        std::function<void()>,                    // No parameters, no return value
+        std::function<void(int)>,                 // One int parameter, no return value
+        std::function<void(bool)>,                // One bool parameter, no return value
+        std::function<void(char *)>,              // One char pointer parameter, no return value
+        std::function<void(const char*)>,         // One const char pointer parameter, no return value
+
+        std::function<int()>,                     // One int parameter, no return value
+        std::function<bool()>,                    // No parameters, bool 
+        std::function<const char* ()>,            // No parameters, const char *
+
+        std::function<int(int)>,                  // One int parameter, no return value
+        std::function<bool(bool)>,                // No parameters, bool 
+        std::function<const char* (const char*)>, // No parameters, const char *
+
+        std::function<void(cBaseGraphics*)>,            // One cBaseGraphics* parameter, no return value
+        std::function<void(int, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+        std::function<void(bool, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+        std::function<void(const char*, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+
+        std::function<int(cBaseGraphics*)>,            // One cBaseGraphics* parameter, no return value
+        std::function<int(int, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+        std::function<int(bool, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+        std::function<int(const char*, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+
+        std::function<const char*(cBaseGraphics*)>,            // One cBaseGraphics* parameter, no return value
+        std::function<const char*(int, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+        std::function<const char*(bool, cBaseGraphics*)>,       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+        std::function<const char*(const char*, cBaseGraphics*)>       // int and cBaseGraphics* parameters, no return value
+    >;
+
+    // Update the handlers map to use the variant
+    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<CallbackVariant>> handlers;
+    // std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<std::function<std::string()>>> handlers; // Map of event type to handlers
+
 };
 
+
+cButton myButton(0, 12, 24, "label", true, false); // Create an instance of cButton
+
+
 int main() {
     EventManager eventManager;
 
+	eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Click, std::bind(&cButton::wipeout, &myButton));
+
     // Add handlers for different event types with various return types
     eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Click, []() {
-        std::cout << "Click event triggered!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Callback -> Click event triggered!" << std::endl;
         });
 
     eventManager.addHandler<const char*>(EventType::Hover, []() -> const char* {
+        myButton.wipeout();
+        const char* label = myButton.getLabel();
+        std::cout << "Callback -> over event getLabel: " << label << std::endl;
         return "Hover event triggered!";
         });
 
+#if 1
     eventManager.addHandler<bool>(EventType::KeyPress, []() -> bool {
         return true;
         });
+#else
+
+#endif
 
+#if 0
     eventManager.addHandler<int>(EventType::Click, []() -> int {
         return 42;
         });
+#endif
+
+    eventManager.addHandler<int>(EventType::Click, [](int num = 12) -> int {
+        return num;
+        });
+
+    eventManager.addHandler<int>(EventType::Test, [](int num = 34) -> int {
+        return num;
+        });
+
+//    eventManager.addHandler<int>(EventType::Test, std::function<int(int)>([](int num) -> int {
+//        return num;
+//        }));
 
     // Emit events
-    std::cout << "Emitting Click event:" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "1. Emitting Click event:" << std::endl;
     eventManager.emit(EventType::Click);
 
-    std::cout << "Emitting Hover event:" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "2. Emitting Hover event:" << std::endl;
     // eventManager.emit<const char*>(EventType::Hover);
     const char* hoverResult = eventManager.emit<const char*>(EventType::Hover);
     std::cout << "Hover event result: " << hoverResult << std::endl;
 
-    std::cout << "Emitting KeyPress event:" << std::endl;
-    eventManager.emit<bool>(EventType::KeyPress);
+    std::cout << "3. Emitting KeyPress event:" << std::endl;
+    bool KeyPressResult = eventManager.emit<bool>(EventType::KeyPress);
+    std::cout << "KeyPress event result: " << KeyPressResult << std::endl;
 
+    std::cout << "4. Emitting Test event:" << std::endl;
+    int  ClickIntResult = eventManager.emit<int>(EventType::Test, 42);
+    std::cout << "Test event result: " << ClickIntResult << std::endl;
     return 0;
 }
 
 #endif
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+#if 0
+
+// Define an enum for event types
+enum class EventType {
+    Click,
+    Hover,
+    KeyPress
+};
+
+// EventManager class to manage event handlers
+class EventManager {
+public:
+    // Add a handler for a specific event type
+    void addHandler(EventType type, const std::function<void()>& handler) {
+        handlers[type].push_back(handler);
+    }
+
+    // Emit an event of a specific type
+    void emit(EventType type) {
+        auto it = handlers.find(type);
+        if (it != handlers.end()) {
+            for (const auto& handler : it->second) {
+                handler(); // Call each handler registered for this event type
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<EventType, std::vector<std::function<void()>>> handlers; // Map of event type to handlers
+};
 
+int main() {
+    EventManager eventManager;
+
+    // Add handlers for different event types
+    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Click, []() {
+        std::cout << "Click event triggered!" << std::endl;
+        });
+
+    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Hover, []() {
+        std::cout << "Hover event triggered!" << std::endl;
+        });
+
+    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::KeyPress, []() {
+        std::cout << "KeyPress event triggered!" << std::endl;
+        });
+
+    // Emit events
+    std::cout << "Emitting Click event:" << std::endl;
+    eventManager.emit(EventType::Click);
+
+    std::cout << "Emitting Hover event:" << std::endl;
+    eventManager.emit(EventType::Hover);
+
+    std::cout << "Emitting KeyPress event:" << std::endl;
+    eventManager.emit(EventType::KeyPress);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
 
+#if 0
+#include <iostream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Enum for Event Types
+enum class EventType {
+    Click,
+    Hover,
+    KeyPress
+};
+
+// EventManager class to manage event handlers
+class EventManager {
+public:
+    // Add a handler for a specific event type
+    void addHandler(EventType type, const std::function<void()>& handler) {
+        handlers[type].push_back(handler);
+    }
+
+    // Emit an event of a specific type
+    void emit(EventType type) {
+        auto it = handlers.find(type);
+        if (it != handlers.end()) {
+            for (const auto& handler : it->second) {
+                handler(); // Call each handler registered for this event type
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<EventType, std::vector<std::function<void()>>> handlers; // Map of event type to handlers
+};
+
+// Example of a class that automatically connects an event handler
+class AutoConnectedHandler {
+public:
+    // Constructor to automatically connect the handler
+    AutoConnectedHandler(EventManager& manager, EventType type, const std::function<void()>& customHandler)
+        : eventManager(manager), eventType(type) {
+        // Automatically connect the handler with custom logic
+        eventManager.addHandler(eventType, customHandler);
+    }
+
+    // Default handler if needed
+    void handleEvent() {
+        std::cout << "Default handler for event type " << static_cast<int>(eventType) << " triggered!" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+private:
+    EventManager& eventManager; // Reference to the event manager
+    EventType eventType;        // Event type this handler is connected to
+};
+
+int main() {
+    EventManager eventManager;
+
+    // Create an instance of AutoConnectedHandler with a custom lambda for the Click event
+    AutoConnectedHandler clickHandler(eventManager, EventType::Click, []() {
+        std::cout << "Custom lambda handler for Click event!" << std::endl;
+        });
+
+    // Create an instance of AutoConnectedHandler with a custom lambda for the Hover event
+    AutoConnectedHandler hoverHandler(eventManager, EventType::Hover, []() {
+        std::cout << "Custom lambda handler for Hover event!" << std::endl;
+        });
+
+    // Add an additional lambda handler dynamically for the Hover event
+    eventManager.addHandler(EventType::Hover, []() {
+        std::cout << "Another dynamic lambda handler for Hover event!" << std::endl;
+        });
+
+    // Emit events
+    std::cout << "Emitting Click event:" << std::endl;
+    eventManager.emit(EventType::Click); // This will trigger the clickHandler's custom lambda
+
+    std::cout << "Emitting Hover event:" << std::endl;
+    eventManager.emit(EventType::Hover); // This will trigger both hoverHandler and the additional lambda
+
+    // Emit an event without a handler to demonstrate no error
+    std::cout << "Emitting KeyPress event (no handler):" << std::endl;
+    eventManager.emit(EventType::KeyPress);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if 0
 #include <iostream>
 #include <functional>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -373,7 +664,7 @@ public:
         if (it != handlers.end()) {
             for (const auto& handler : it->second) {
                 std::string result = handler(); // Call each handler and get the result
-                auto handlerResult = handler(); // Call each handler and get the result
+				auto handlerResult = handler(); // Call each handler and get the result
                 // ReturnType result = handler(); // Call each handler and get the result
 
             // Convert handlerResult to ReturnType if necessary
@@ -455,3 +746,5 @@ int main() {
     return 0;
 }
 
+#endif
+

chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example.vcxproj

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
     </ClCompile>
     <Link>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
@@ -129,6 +130,9 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClCompile Include="chat-GPT example.cpp" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="classExample.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
   </ImportGroup>

chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example.vcxproj.filters

@@ -19,4 +19,9 @@
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="classExample.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example/classExample.h

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+#pragma once
+
+
+
+enum class WidgetType
+{
+    StartScreen,
+    GraphFrame,
+    Menu,
+    Button,
+    ProgressBar,
+    Table,
+    TemperatureGraph
+};
+
+// 1. Define an enum for GUI element types
+enum class CallbackType
+{
+    draw_onEntry,
+    draw_onExit,
+    wipeout_onEntry,
+    wipeout_onExit,
+    update_onEntry,
+    update_onExit,
+    setVisible_onEntry,
+    setVisible_onExit,
+    setActive_onEntry,
+    setActive_onExit,
+};
+
+class cBaseGraphics; // Forward declaration of cBaseGraphics
+
+// const std::function<void(cBaseGraphics*)>& callback
+// typedef const std::function<void(cBaseGraphics*)>& t_CallBack;
+typedef const std::function<void(cBaseGraphics*)>& t_CallBack;
+
+// Base class for graphic elements
+class cBaseGraphics
+{
+public:
+
+    cBaseGraphics() = default;              // Constructor
+    virtual ~cBaseGraphics() = default;     // Virtual destructor
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Draw the element on the TFT display.
+     *
+     * This function is responsible for rendering the element on the screen.
+     * It should be overridden by derived classes to provide specific drawing logic.
+     *
+     * @param progress The progress value to be displayed (default is 0).
+     * @param callback A callback function to be executed after drawing (default is nullptr).
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void draw(uint16_t progress = 0) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Clear the element from the TFT display.
+     *
+     * This function is responsible for removing the element from the screen.
+     * It should be overridden by derived classes to provide specific clearing logic.
+     *
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void wipeout() = 0; // Clear the element from the TFT
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Update the element's state or appearance.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom update logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @param callback A callback function to be executed after updating (default is nullptr).
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void update() = 0; // Virtual update function
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set the visibility of the element.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom visibility logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @param _visible The visibility state of the element (true for visible, false for hidden).
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void setVisible(bool _visible) = 0; // Set the visibility of the element
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if the element is visible.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom visibility logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @return true if the element is visible, false otherwise.
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual bool isVisible() = 0; // Check if the element is visible
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set the active state of the element.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom active state logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @param _active The active state of the element (true for active, false for inactive).
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void setActive(bool _active) = 0; // Set the active state of the element
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if the element is active.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom active state logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @return true if the element is active, false otherwise.
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual bool isActive() = 0; // Check if the element is active
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set the callback function for the element.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom callback logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @param _callbackType The type of the callback to set.
+     * @param _callback The callback function to be executed.
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void setCallback(CallbackType _callbackType, t_CallBack _callback = nullptr) {}; // Set the active callback function
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute the callback function.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom callback logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @param _callbackType The type of the callback to execute.
+     * @param _callbackMap The map of callback functions.
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void setCallbackEnabled(CallbackType _callbackType, bool enabled)
+    {
+       std::cout << "cBaseGraphics - setCallbackEnabled: " << std::endl;
+    }; // Enable or disable the callback function
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set the position of the element.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom position logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @param _x The x-coordinate of the element's top-left corner.
+     * @param _y The y-coordinate of the element's top-left corner.
+     * @param _w The width of the element.
+     * @param _h The height of the element.
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual void setPosition(uint16_t _x, uint16_t _y, uint16_t _w, uint16_t _h) = 0; // Set the position of the element
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the label of the element.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom label logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @return The label of the element as a string.
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual const char* getLabel() = 0; // Get the label of the element
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the type of the widget.
+     *
+     * This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to provide custom type logic.
+     * @note This is a virtual function, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation.
+     *
+     * @return The type of the widget as an enum value.
+     * @note This is a pure virtual function, meaning derived classes must implement it.
+     *
+     */
+    virtual WidgetType getType() const = 0; // Return the widget type
+};
+
+
+
+class cButton : public cBaseGraphics
+{
+private:
+    uint16_t xPos, yPos, width, height;
+    const char* label;
+
+    std::function<void(cButton*)> onClick;
+    bool visible = true;
+    bool active = false;
+
+public:
+    /**********************************************************************************************
+     *
+     * Interface Public functions
+     *
+     **********************************************************************************************/
+
+     /**********************************************************************************************
+      * Constructor for the button class.
+      * @param tft Pointer to the cTFT object which should be used for drawing.
+      * @param x The x position of the upper left corner of the button.
+      * @param y The y position of the upper left corner of the button.
+      * @param w The width of the button.
+      * @param h The height of the button.
+      * @param label The label for the button, which will be displayed on the button.
+      */
+    cButton(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, const char* label, bool visible = true, bool active = false) { };
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Draw the element on the TFT display.
+     *
+     * This function overrides the base class draw method to render
+     * the progress bar element on the TFT display.
+     */
+    void draw(uint16_t progress) override {};
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Clears the button element from the display.
+     *
+     * This function overrides the base class implementation to perform
+     * specific actions for clearing the button element, ensuring that
+     * it is no longer visible on the screen.
+     */
+    void wipeout() override {
+        std::cout << "cButton::wipeout: wipeout" << std::endl;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Updates the progress bar.
+     *
+     * This function overrides the virtual update function to refresh the
+     * progress bar's state. It should be called whenever the progress bar
+     * needs to be redrawn or its value changes.
+     */
+    void update() override {};
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the visibility of the button.
+     * This function sets the visibility of the button.
+     * If the button is visible, it will be drawn by the draw function.
+     * If the button is invisible, it will not be drawn.
+     * @param visible The new visibility state of the button.
+     */
+    void setVisible(bool _visible) override {};
+
+    /**
+     * Checks the visibility of the button.
+     * This function returns true if the button is visible, and false if the button is invisible.
+     * @return true if the button is visible, false if the button is invisible.
+     */
+    bool isVisible() override { return true; };
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the active state of the button.
+     * This function sets the active state of the button.
+     * If the button is active, it will respond to events.
+     * If the button is inactive, it will not respond to events.
+     * @param active The new active state of the button.
+     */
+    void setActive(bool _active) override {};
+
+    /**
+     * Checks the active state of the button.
+     * This function returns true if the button is active, and false if the button is inactive.
+     * @return true if the button is active, false if the button is inactive.
+     */
+    bool isActive() override { return true; };
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the position of the button.
+     * This function sets the position and dimensions of the button.
+     * The position is given by the upper left corner of the button.
+     * @param x The x position of the upper left corner of the button.
+     * @param y The y position of the upper left corner of the button.
+     * @param w The width of the button.
+     * @param h The height of the button.
+     */
+    void setPosition(uint16_t _x, uint16_t _y, uint16_t _w, uint16_t _h) override {};
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the label of the button.
+     * This function returns the label of the button.
+     * @return The label of the button.
+     */
+    const char* getLabel() override { return "CButton::getLabel: myButton"; };
+
+    WidgetType getType() const override {
+        return WidgetType::Button; // Return the widget type as Button
+    } // Return the widget type as Button
+
+    /**
+     *
+     *
+     */
+    void setCallback(CallbackType _callbackType, t_CallBack _callback = nullptr) {};
+
+    /**********************************************************************************************
+     *
+     * Non-interface Public functions
+     *
+     **********************************************************************************************/
+
+private:
+    /**********************************************************************************************
+     *
+     * Non-interface Private functions
+     *
+     **********************************************************************************************/
+
+     /**
+      * Simulates a click on the button.
+      * This function simulates a click on the button by calling the click callback if it exists.
+      */
+    void click() {};
+
+    /**
+     * Simulates a click on the button.
+     * This function simulates a click on the button by calling the click callback if it exists.
+     */
+    void callCallback(CallbackType _cbType, std::unordered_map<CallbackType, t_CallBack> _cbMap) {};
+
+
+
+    /**
+     * Simulates a click on the button.
+     * This function simulates a click on the button by calling the click callback if it exists.
+     */
+
+
+    std::unordered_map<CallbackType, t_CallBack> _callbackMap;
+};

chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example/x64/Debug/chat-GPT example.Build.CppClean.log

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.exe
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.pdb
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.ilk
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\vc143.idb
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\vc143.pdb
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.tlog\cl.command.1.tlog
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.tlog\cl.items.tlog
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.tlog\link.command.1.tlog
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.tlog\link.read.1.tlog
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.tlog\link.secondary.1.tlog
+c:\users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-gpt example\chat-gpt example\x64\debug\chat-gpt example.tlog\link.write.1.tlog

chat-GPT example/chat-GPT example/x64/Debug/chat-GPT example.log

@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
   chat-GPT example.cpp
-C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(327,5): warning C4984: 'if constexpr' is a C++17 language extension
-C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(330,10): warning C4984: 'if constexpr' is a C++17 language extension
-C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(380,17): warning C4984: 'if constexpr' is a C++17 language extension
-      C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(371,16):
-      This diagnostic occurred in the compiler generated function 'ReturnType EventManager::emit(EventType)'
+C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(39,53): error C2672: 'EventManager::callHandler': no matching overloaded function found
+      C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(51,23):
+      could be 'ReturnType EventManager::callHandler(std::function<_Ret(_Types...)>,std::tuple<_Types...>,std::integer_sequence<size_t,_Ix...>)'
+          C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(39,53):
+          'ReturnType EventManager::callHandler(std::function<_Ret(_Types...)>,std::tuple<_Types...>,std::integer_sequence<size_t,_Ix...>)': could not deduce template argument for 'std::integer_sequence<size_t,_Ix...>' from 'EventManager::index_sequence<0>'
+      C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(39,53):
+      the template instantiation context (the oldest one first) is
+          C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(101,18):
+          see reference to function template instantiation 'void EventManager::addHandler<int,int>(EventType,std::function<int (int)>)' being compiled
   
-C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(384,22): warning C4984: 'if constexpr' is a C++17 language extension
-      C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(371,16):
-      This diagnostic occurred in the compiler generated function 'ReturnType EventManager::emit(EventType)'
-  
-C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(387,22): warning C4984: 'if constexpr' is a C++17 language extension
-      C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(371,16):
-      This diagnostic occurred in the compiler generated function 'ReturnType EventManager::emit(EventType)'
-  
-C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(390,22): warning C4984: 'if constexpr' is a C++17 language extension
-      C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example\chat-GPT example.cpp(371,16):
-      This diagnostic occurred in the compiler generated function 'ReturnType EventManager::emit(EventType)'
-  
-  chat-GPT example.vcxproj -> C:\Users\sfreunde\source\repos\chat-GPT example\x64\Debug\chat-GPT example.exe